使用paramiko库ssh连接到远端云主机上时,非常偶现卡死现象,连接无法退出(可以是执行命令时云主机重启等造成)。需要给定一段时间,不管命令执行是否卡住,都退出连接,显示命令执行超时错误。
实现方式:
线程+事件,在线程中执行ssh命令,给事件配置超时时间。
代码示例:
1 from threading import Thread, Event
2 import paramiko
class SshClient(object): def __init__(self, ip, port, username, password): self.ip = ip self.host = host self.username = username self.password = password def exec_command(cmd, timeout): log.info(u"在ip:%s上执行命令%s" % (self.ip, cmd)) sc = paramiko.SSHClient() sc.set_missing_host_key_policy(paramiko.AutoAddPolicy()) # 用来接收stdout stderror status信息 res = [None, None, None] def get_return(start_event, res_list): _, cmd_stdout, cmd_stderr = sc.exec_command(command=cmd, timeout=timeout) channel = cmd_stdout.channel cmd_status = channel.recv_exit_status() res_list[0] = cmd_stdout res_list[1] = cmd_stderr res_list[2] = cmd_status start_event.set() # 表示线程已经执行完毕 try: sc.connect(hostname=self.ip, port=self.port, username=self.username, password=self.password, timeout=30) # 这里的timeout是连接使用的,与我们要的不同 start_evt = Event() t = Thread(target=get_return, args=(start_evt, res)) t.start() start_evt.wait(timeout=timeout) # 执行到这里说明线程已经退出 if None in res: raise Exception(u"命令超时退出") stdout, stderr, status = res if status != 0: raise Exception(u"命令执行返回非0!返回值为%s,错误信息为%s" % (status, stdout.read() + stderr.read())) return stdout.read() + stderr.read() finally: sc.close() }
知识点补充:
python paramiko的使用介绍
一: 使用paramiko
#设置ssh连接的远程主机地址和端口
t=paramiko.Transport((ip,port))
#设置登录名和密码
t.connect(username=username,password=password)
#连接成功后打开一个channel
chan=t.open_session()
#设置会话超时时间
chan.settimeout(session_timeout)
#打开远程的terminal
chan.get_pty()
#激活terminal
chan.invoke_shell()
然后就可以通过chan.send('command')和chan.recv(recv_buffer)来远程执行命令以及本地获取反馈。
二: paramiko的两个模块介绍
paramiko有两个模块SSHClient()和SFTPClient()
SSHClient()的使用代码:
import paramiko ssh = paramiko.SSHClient() # 创建SSH对象 # 允许连接不在know_hosts文件中的主机 ssh.set_missing_host_key_policy(paramiko.AutoAddPolicy()) # 连接服务器 ssh.connect(hostname='192.168.2.103', port=22, username='root', password='123456') stdin, stdout, stderr = ssh.exec_command('ls') # 执行命令 result = stdout.read() # 获取命令结果 print (str(result,encoding='utf-8')) ssh.close() # 关闭连接
SSHClient()里有个transport变量,是用于获取连接,我们也可单独的获取到transport变量,然后执行连接操作
import paramiko transport = paramiko.Transport(('192.168.2.103', 22)) transport.connect(username='root', password='123456') ssh = paramiko.SSHClient() ssh._transport = transport stdin, stdout, stderr = ssh.exec_command('df') print (str(stdout.read(),encoding='utf-8')) transport.close()
用transport实现上传下载以及命令的执行:
#coding:utf-8 import paramiko import uuid class SSHConnection(object): def __init__(self, host='192.168.2.103', port=22, username='root',pwd='123456'): self.host = host self.port = port self.username = username self.pwd = pwd self.__k = None def connect(self): transport = paramiko.Transport((self.host,self.port)) transport.connect(username=self.username,password=self.pwd) self.__transport = transport def close(self): self.__transport.close() def upload(self,local_path,target_path): # 连接,上传 # file_name = self.create_file() sftp = paramiko.SFTPClient.from_transport(self.__transport) # 将location.py 上传至服务器 /tmp/test.py sftp.put(local_path, target_path) def download(self,remote_path,local_path): sftp = paramiko.SFTPClient.from_transport(self.__transport) sftp.get(remote_path,local_path) def cmd(self, command): ssh = paramiko.SSHClient() ssh._transport = self.__transport # 执行命令 stdin, stdout, stderr = ssh.exec_command(command) # 获取命令结果 result = stdout.read() print (str(result,encoding='utf-8')) return result ssh = SSHConnection() ssh.connect() ssh.cmd("ls") ssh.upload('s1.py','/tmp/ks77.py') ssh.download('/tmp/test.py','kkkk',) ssh.cmd("df") ssh.close()