功能描述
数据库间数据同步方式很多,在上篇博文中有总结。本文是用py程序实现数据同步。
A数据库中有几十张表,要汇聚到B数据库中,且表结构一致,需要准实时的进行数据同步,用工具实现时对其控制有限且配置较繁琐,故自写程序,可自由设置同步区间,记录自己想要的日志
代码
本代码实现功能简单,采用面向过程,有需求的同学可以自己优化成面向对象方式,在日志这块缺少数据监控,可根据需求增加。主要注意点:
1、数据抽取时采用区间抽取(按时间区间)、流式游标迭代器+fetchone,避免内存消耗
2、在数据插入时采用executemany(list),加快插入效率
import pymysql import os import datetime,time def update_time(content): with open(filepathtime, 'w') as f: f.writelines(content) def recode_log(content): with open(filepathlog, 'a') as f: f.writelines(content) def transferdata(): #1、获取需要抽取的表,抽取数据的时间点 with open(filepathtime, 'r') as f: lines = f.readlines() # 读取所有数据 print("需要同步的表信息",lines) for line in lines: startdatetime = time.strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S',time.localtime(time.time())) tablename_list =line.split(',') #print(tablename_list) #print(tablename_list[-1]) tablename_list[-1] = tablename_list[-1].replace('\n','') #print(tablename_list) tablename = tablename_list[0] updatetime = tablename_list[1] #print(tablename,updatetime) #2、抽取此表此时间点的数据,同步 updatetime_s = datetime.datetime.strptime(updatetime, '%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S') updatetime_e = (updatetime_s + datetime.timedelta(hours=1)).strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S") #print(updatetime_s) #print(q_sql) db = pymysql.connect(host=host_o, port=port_o, user=user_o, passwd=passwd_o, db=db_o) cursor = db.cursor() q_sql = "select a,b,c from %s where c >= '%s' " % (tablename, updatetime_s) #2.1 首先判断下原表中是否有待同步数据,若有则同步且更新同步的时间参考点,若没有则不同步且不更新同步的时间参考点 try: cursor.execute(q_sql) results = cursor.fetchone() #print(results) #返回是元组 #print("查询原表数据成功!",tablename) except BaseException as e: print("查询原表数据失败!",tablename, str(e)) #记录异常日志 updatetime_n = time.strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S', time.localtime(time.time())) eachline_log = updatetime_n + '[erro]:' + tablename + str(e) + '\n' content_log.append(eachline_log) recode_log(content_log) db.close() if results: print("===============================================================================") print("有数据可同步",tablename) db = pymysql.connect(host=host_o, port=port_o, user=user_o, passwd=passwd_o, db=db_o, charset='utf8', cursorclass=pymysql.cursors.SSDictCursor) cursor = db.cursor() q_sql1 = "select a,b,c from %s where c >= '%s' and c < '%s' " % (tablename, updatetime_s, updatetime_e) #print(q_sql1) result_list = [] try: # startdatetime = time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S", time.localtime()) cursor.execute(q_sql1) #results = cursor.fetchall() # enddatetime = time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S", time.localtime()) # print(results) #返回是元组 #使用流式游标迭代器+fetchone,减少内存消耗 while True: result = cursor.fetchone() if not result: print("此区间无数据", q_sql1) break else: one_list = list(result.values()) # print(result_list) result_list.append(one_list) print(result_list) #返回是列表 #print("查询数据成功!", tablename) except BaseException as e: print("查询数据失败!", tablename, str(e)) # 记录异常日志 updatetime_n = time.strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S', time.localtime(time.time())) eachline_log = updatetime_n + '[erro]:' + tablename + str(e) + '\n' content_log.append(eachline_log) recode_log(content_log) db.close() results_len = (len(result_list)) if results_len>0: #3、将数据插入到目标表中,利用list提高插入效率 i_sql = "insert into table_t(a,b,c) values (%s,%s,%s)" #print(i_sql) db = pymysql.connect(host=host_d, port=port_d, user=user_d, passwd=passwd_d, db=db_d) cursor = db.cursor() try: #startdatetime = time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S", time.localtime()) cursor.executemany(i_sql, result_list) db.commit() #enddatetime = time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S", time.localtime()) print("插入成功!",tablename) except BaseException as e: db.rollback() print("插入失败!", tablename,str(e)) #记录异常日志 updatetime_n = time.strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S', time.localtime(time.time())) eachline_log = updatetime_n + '[erro]:' + tablename + str(e) + '\n' content_log.append(eachline_log) recode_log(content_log) db.close() enddatetime = time.strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S',time.localtime(time.time())) #4、如果有数据同步,则更新参考点时间为下一个节点时间 eachline_time = tablename+','+updatetime_e+'\n' #此时间点是下一个时间点updatetime_e content_time.append(eachline_time) print("更新表时间点",content_time) # 5、记录成功日志 eachline_log = enddatetime + '[success]:' + tablename + '开始时间' + startdatetime + '结束时间' + enddatetime + ',同步数据量'+str(results_len)+',当前参考点' + updatetime_e + '\n' content_log.append(eachline_log) print("日志信息",content_log) #print("===============================================================================") else: print("===============================================================================") print("无数据可同步",tablename) #db.close() enddatetime = time.strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S', time.localtime(time.time())) # 4、如果无数据同步,则参考点时间不更新 eachline_time = tablename + ',' + updatetime + '\n' #此时间点还是原时间updatetime content_time.append(eachline_time) print("不更新表时间点",content_time) # 5、成功日志信息 eachline_log = enddatetime + '[success]:' + tablename + '开始时间' + startdatetime + '结束时间' + enddatetime + ',同步数据量0'+ ',当前参考点' + updatetime_e + '\n' content_log.append(eachline_log) print("日志信息",content_log) #print("===============================================================================") #更新配置文件,记录日志 update_time(content_time) recode_log(content_log) if __name__ == '__main__': filepathtime = 'D:/test/table-time.txt' filepathlog = 'D:/test/table-log.txt' host_o = 'localhost' port_o = 3306 user_o = 'root' passwd_o = 'root@123' db_o = 'csdn' host_d = 'localhost' port_d = 3306 user_d = 'root' passwd_d = 'root@123' db_d = 'csdn' content_time = [] content_log = [] transferdata() #每5分钟执行一次同步 # while True: # transferdata() # time.sleep(300)
table-time.txt配置文件,格式说明:
每行包括源库表名、此表的最小时间time,以逗号分隔
若多个表,可配置多个时间
每次脚本执行后,同步更新时间time。时间间隔设置为1小时,可根据情况在updatetime_e中对增量进行修改
table-log.txt
记录每次同步任务执行的结果,或执行中发生异常的日志
此文件需要定期进行清理