一、背景
本文章主要是分享如何使用Python从MySQL数据库中面抽取试题，生成的试卷每一份都不一样。
二、准备工作
1.安装Python3
下载地址：https://www.python.org/downloads/windows/
2.安装库
pip installpython-docx==0.8.10
pip installPyMySQL==1.0.2
3.试题库.xlsx
开发程序前需要先收集试题，本文是将试题收集存放MySQL数据库中，格式如下：
选择题数据库截图：
填空题/解答题/综合题数据库截图：
三、代码
Python+MySQL随机试卷及答案生成程序.py
# _*_ coding:utf-8 _*_
import random,os,pymysql
from docx import Document
from docx.shared import Inches,Pt
from docx.enum.text import WD_ALIGN_PARAGRAPH,WD_LINE_SPACING
from docx.oxml.ns import qn
from docx.shared import Inches
class SunckSql():
def __init__(self, host, user, passwd, dbName='', charset='utf8'):
self.host = host
self.user = user
self.passwd = passwd
self.dbName = dbName
self.charset = charset
def connet(self):
self.db = pymysql.connect(host=self.host, user=self.user, passwd=self.passwd, db=self.dbName,
charset=self.charset) # 连接数据库
self.cursor = self.db.cursor() # 获取操作游标
def close(self):
self.cursor.close() # 释放游标
self.db.close() # 关闭数据库连接
# 查询
def get_all(self, sql):
res = None
try:
self.connet()
self.cursor.execute(sql) # 执行sql语句
res = self.cursor.fetchall() # 返回查询所有结果
except Exception as e:
print('查询失败:%s' % e)
finally:
self.close()
return res
# 增加、删除、修改
def shell_sql(self, sql):
"执行sql语句"
print(sql)
count = 0
try:
self.connet()
count = self.cursor.execute(sql) # 执行sql语句
self.db.commit() # 提交
except Exception as e:
print('事务提交失败:%s' % e)
self.db.rollback() # 如果提交失败，回滚到上一次数据
finally:
self.close()
return count
def router_docx(choice1='', choice2='', choice3='', choice5='', choice6='', choice7='',paper_path='',name='1'):
"生成网络通信方向试题及答案"
docx1 = Document()
docx2 = Document()
docx1.styles['Normal'].font.name = '宋体' #选择字体
docx1.styles['Normal']._element.rPr.rFonts.set(qn('w:eastAsia'), '宋体') #默认字体
docx1.styles['Normal'].font.size = Pt(11) #默认字号大小
docx1.styles['Normal'].paragraph_format.space_before = Pt(0) #默认段前间距
docx1.styles['Normal'].paragraph_format.space_after = Pt(0) #默认段后间距
docx1.styles['Normal'].paragraph_format.line_spacing_rule = WD_LINE_SPACING.ONE_POINT_FIVE #默认单倍行距
sec = docx1.sections[0] # sections对应文档中的“节”
sec.left_margin = Inches(1) # 设置左页面边距
sec.right_margin = Inches(1) #设置右页面边距
sec.top_margin = Inches(0.5) # 设置上页面边距
sec.bottom_margin = Inches(0.5) #设置下页面边距
p=docx1.add_paragraph() #添加段落
run = p.add_run('软件测试(网络通信)方向试题(%s)' % name) #使用add_run添加文字
run.font.name = '微软雅黑' #设置字体
run._element.rPr.rFonts.set(qn('w:eastAsia'), '微软雅黑') #设置字体
run.font.size = Pt(18) #字体大小设置
p.paragraph_format.alignment = WD_ALIGN_PARAGRAPH.CENTER #段落文字居中设置
docx1.add_paragraph('【说明】') # 添加段落文字
docx1.add_paragraph('1.笔试时间为60分钟。')
docx1.add_paragraph('2.请将答案写在答题卡上,且不允许在试题卷上做任何涂写和标记。')
q=docx2.add_paragraph() #添加段落
run = q.add_run('软件测试(网络通信)方向试题答案(%s)' % name) #使用add_run添加文字
run.font.name = '微软雅黑' #设置字体
run._element.rPr.rFonts.set(qn('w:eastAsia'), '微软雅黑') #设置字体
run.font.size = Pt(18) #字体大小设置
q.paragraph_format.alignment = WD_ALIGN_PARAGRAPH.CENTER #段落文字居中设置
p1 = docx1.add_paragraph()
p1.paragraph_format.space_before = Pt(12) #设置段前间距
docx2.add_paragraph('一、选择题')
run = p1.add_run('一、选择题（每题3分共45分）')
run.bold = True # 字体加粗
list1=random.sample(range(0,len(choice1)-1),3) #len范围内获取指定的数量
x=1
for y in list1:
docx1.add_paragraph(str(x)+'、'+choice1[y][1])
docx1.add_paragraph(choice1[y][2])
docx1.add_paragraph(choice1[y][3])
docx1.add_paragraph(choice1[y][4])
p11=docx1.add_paragraph(choice1[y][5])
p11.paragraph_format.space_after = Pt(12) #段后间距
docx2.add_paragraph(str(x)+'、'+choice1[y][6])
x+=1
list2=random.sample(range(0,len(choice2)-1),7)
x=1
for y in list2:
docx1.add_paragraph(str(x+3)+'、'+choice2[y][1])
docx1.add_paragraph(choice2[y][2])
docx1.add_paragraph(choice2[y][3])
docx1.add_paragraph(choice2[y][4])
p11=docx1.add_paragraph(choice2[y][5])
p11.paragraph_format.space_after = Pt(12)
docx2.add_paragraph(str(x+3)+'、'+choice2[y][6])
x+=1
list3=random.sample(range(0,len(choice3)-1),5)
x=1
for y in list3:
docx1.add_paragraph(str(x+10)+'、'+choice3[y][1])
docx1.add_paragraph(choice3[y][2])
docx1.add_paragraph(choice3[y][3])
docx1.add_paragraph(choice3[y][4])
p11=docx1.add_paragraph(choice3[y][5])
p11.paragraph_format.space_after = Pt(12)
docx2.add_paragraph(str(x+10)+'、'+choice3[y][6])
x+=1
p2 = docx1.add_paragraph()
p2.paragraph_format.space_before = Pt(12)
docx2.add_paragraph('二、填空题')
run = p2.add_run('二、填空题（每题3分，共15分）')
run.bold = True
list2 = random.sample(range(0, len(choice5)-1), 5)
i = 1
for j in list2:
docx1.add_paragraph(str(i) + '、' + choice5[j][1])
docx2.add_paragraph(str(i) + '、' + str(choice5[j][2]))
i += 1
p3 = docx1.add_paragraph()
p3.paragraph_format.space_before = Pt(12)
docx2.add_paragraph('三、简答题')
run = p3.add_run('三、简答题（每题10分，共20分）')
run.bold = True
list3 = random.sample(range(0, len(choice6)-1), 2)
n = 1
for m in list3:
docx1.add_paragraph(str(n) + '、' + choice6[m][1])
docx1.add_paragraph('\r')
docx2.add_paragraph(str(n) + '、' + choice6[m][2])
n += 1
p4 = docx1.add_paragraph()
p4.paragraph_format.space_before = Pt(12)
docx2.add_paragraph('四、综合题')
run = p4.add_run('四、综合题（共20分）')
run.bold = True
list4 = random.randint(0, len(choice7)-1)
docx1.add_paragraph('1、' + choice7[list4][1])
docx2.add_paragraph(choice7[list4][2])
docx1.save(os.path.join(paper_path, '网络通信试题(%s).docx' % name)) #保存试题
docx2.save(os.path.join(paper_path, '网络通信试题答案(%s).docx' % name)) #保存答案
def android_docx(choice1, choice2, choice4, choice5, choice6, choice8,paper_path,name):
"""生成智能终端方向的试题"""
docx1 = Document()
docx2 = Document()
docx1.styles['Normal'].font.name = '宋体' #选择字体
docx1.styles['Normal']._element.rPr.rFonts.set(qn('w:eastAsia'), '宋体') #默认字体
docx1.styles['Normal'].font.size = Pt(11) #默认字号大小
docx1.styles['Normal'].paragraph_format.space_before = Pt(0) #默认段前间距
docx1.styles['Normal'].paragraph_format.space_after = Pt(0) #默认段后间距
docx1.styles['Normal'].paragraph_format.line_spacing_rule = WD_LINE_SPACING.ONE_POINT_FIVE #默认单倍行距
sec = docx1.sections[0] # sections对应文档中的“节”
sec.left_margin = Inches(1) # 设置左页面边距
sec.right_margin = Inches(1) #设置右页面边距
sec.top_margin = Inches(0.5) # 设置上页面边距
sec.bottom_margin = Inches(0.5) #设置下页面边距
p=docx1.add_paragraph() #添加段落
run = p.add_run('软件测试(智能终端)方向试题(%s)' % name) #使用add_run添加文字
run.font.name = '微软雅黑' #设置字体
run._element.rPr.rFonts.set(qn('w:eastAsia'), '微软雅黑') #设置字体
run.font.size = Pt(18) #字体大小设置
p.paragraph_format.alignment = WD_ALIGN_PARAGRAPH.CENTER #段落文字居中设置
docx1.add_paragraph('【说明】') # 添加段落文字
docx1.add_paragraph('1.笔试时间为60分钟。')
docx1.add_paragraph('2.请将答案写在答题卡上,且不允许在试题卷上做任何涂写和标记。')
q = docx2.add_paragraph() # 添加段落
run = q.add_run('软件测试(智能终端)方向试题答案(%s)' % name) # 使用add_run添加文字
run.font.name = '微软雅黑' # 设置字体
run._element.rPr.rFonts.set(qn('w:eastAsia'), '微软雅黑') # 设置字体
run.font.size = Pt(18) # 字体大小设置
q.paragraph_format.alignment = WD_ALIGN_PARAGRAPH.CENTER # 段落文字居中设置
p1 = docx1.add_paragraph()
p1.paragraph_format.space_before = Pt(12) #设置段前间距
docx2.add_paragraph('一、选择题')
run = p1.add_run('一、选择题（每题3分共45分）')
run.bold = True # 字体加粗
list1=random.sample(range(0,len(choice1)-1),3)
x=1
for y in list1:
docx1.add_paragraph(str(x)+'、'+choice1[y][1])
docx1.add_paragraph(choice1[y][2])
docx1.add_paragraph(choice1[y][3])
docx1.add_paragraph(choice1[y][4])
p11=docx1.add_paragraph(choice1[y][5])
p11.paragraph_format.space_after = Pt(12) #段后间距
docx2.add_paragraph(str(x)+'、'+choice1[y][6])
x+=1
list2=random.sample(range(0,len(choice2)-1),7)
x=1
for y in list2:
docx1.add_paragraph(str(x+3)+'、'+choice2[y][1])
docx1.add_paragraph(choice2[y][2])
docx1.add_paragraph(choice2[y][3])
docx1.add_paragraph(choice2[y][4])
p11=docx1.add_paragraph(choice2[y][5])
p11.paragraph_format.space_after = Pt(12)
docx2.add_paragraph(str(x+3)+'、'+choice2[y][6])
x+=1
list3=random.sample(range(0,len(choice4)-1),5)
x=1
for y in list3:
docx1.add_paragraph(str(x+10)+'、'+choice4[y][1])
docx1.add_paragraph(choice4[y][2])
docx1.add_paragraph(choice4[y][3])
docx1.add_paragraph(choice4[y][4])
p11=docx1.add_paragraph(choice4[y][5])
p11.paragraph_format.space_after = Pt(12)
docx2.add_paragraph(str(x+10)+'、'+choice4[y][6])
x+=1
p2 = docx1.add_paragraph()
p2.paragraph_format.space_before = Pt(12)
docx2.add_paragraph('二、填空题')
run = p2.add_run('二、填空题（每题3分，共15分）')
run.bold = True
list2 = random.sample(range(0, len(choice5)-1), 5)
i = 1
for j in list2:
docx1.add_paragraph(str(i) + '、' + choice5[j][1])
docx2.add_paragraph(str(i) + '、' + str(choice5[j][2]))
i += 1
p3 = docx1.add_paragraph()
p3.paragraph_format.space_before = Pt(12)
docx2.add_paragraph('三、简答题')
run = p3.add_run('三、简答题（每题10分，共20分）')
run.bold = True
list3 = random.sample(range(0, len(choice6)-1), 2)
n = 1
for m in list3:
docx1.add_paragraph(str(n) + '、' + choice6[m][1])
docx1.add_paragraph('\r')
docx2.add_paragraph(str(n) + '、' + choice6[m][2])
n += 1
p4 = docx1.add_paragraph()
p4.paragraph_format.space_before = Pt(12)
docx2.add_paragraph('四、综合题')
run = p4.add_run('四、综合题（共20分）')
run.bold = True
list4 = random.randint(0, len(choice8)-1)
docx1.add_paragraph('1、' + choice8[list4][1])
docx2.add_paragraph(choice8[list4][2])
docx1.save(os.path.join(paper_path, '智能终端试题(%s).docx' % name))
docx2.save(os.path.join(paper_path, '智能终端试题答案(%s).docx' % name))
def main(ip,name,passwd,db_name):
paper_path = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)), '试卷') #试卷存放路径
if not os.path.exists(paper_path):
os.mkdir(paper_path) #创建试卷文件夹
my = SunckSql(ip,name,passwd,db_name) #连接数据库
choice1 = my.get_all("select * from %s" % '计算机基础选择题') #查询数据库中的试题
choice2 = my.get_all("select * from %s" % '测试基础选择题')
choice3 = my.get_all("select * from %s" % '网络通信选择题')
choice4 = my.get_all("select * from %s" % '智能终端选择题')
choice5 = my.get_all("select * from %s" % '填空题')
choice6 = my.get_all("select * from %s" % '简答题')
choice7 = my.get_all("select * from %s" % '网络通信综合题')
choice8 = my.get_all("select * from %s" % '智能终端综合题')
for i in range(1,4): #同时生成3份试卷及答案
router_docx(choice1, choice2, choice3, choice5, choice6, choice7, paper_path, i)
android_docx(choice1, choice2, choice4, choice5, choice6, choice8, paper_path, i)
if __name__ == "__main__":
main(ip='数据库ip地址', name='mysql账号', passwd='mysql密码', db_name='软件测试试题库')