英文文档：
locals()
Update and return a dictionary representing the current local symbol table. Free variables are returned by locals()when it is called in function blocks, but not in class blocks.
返回当前作用域内的局部变量和其值组成的字典
说明：
1. 函数功能返回当前作用域内的局部变量和其值组成的字典，与globals函数类似(返回全局变量)
> locals()
{'__package__': None, '__loader__': <class '_frozen_importlib.BuiltinImporter'>, '__doc__': None, '__name__': '__main__', '__builtins__': <module 'builtins' (built-in)>, '__spec__': None}
> a = 1
> locals() # 多了一个key为a值为1的项
{'__package__': None, '__loader__': <class '_frozen_importlib.BuiltinImporter'>, 'a': 1, '__doc__': None, '__name__': '__main__', '__builtins__': <module 'builtins' (built-in)>, '__spec__': None}
2. 可用于函数内。
> def f():
print('before define a ')
print(locals()) #作用域内无变量
a = 1
print('after define a')
print(locals()) #作用域内有一个a变量，值为1
> f
<function f at 0x03D40588>
> f()
before define a
{}
after define a
{'a': 1}
3. 返回的字典集合不能修改。
> def f():
print('before define a ')
print(locals()) # 作用域内无变量
a = 1
print('after define a')
print(locals()) # 作用域内有一个a变量，值为1
b = locals()
print('b["a"]: ',b['a'])
b['a'] = 2 # 修改b['a']值
print('change locals value')
print('b["a"]: ',b['a'])
print('a is ',a) # a的值未变
> f()
before define a
{}
after define a
{'a': 1}
b["a"]: 1
change locals value
b["a"]: 2
a is 1
>
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