python实现12306登录并保存cookie的方法示例

import sys
import time
import requests
from PIL import Image
import json
import os
import Headers
import SessionUtil
import UrlUtils
 
class Ticket(object):
  def __init__(self):
    self.answer = {
      "1": "40,40",
      "2": "110,40",
      "3": "180,40",
      "4": "260,40",
      "5": "40,120",
      "6": "110,120",
      "7": "180,120",
      "8": "260,120",
    }
    self.answer_code=''
    self.tk = ''
 
  def getDEVICEID(self):
    r = requests.get(UrlUtils.DEVICE_url, headers=Headers.BaseHead).text
    try:
      dic = json.loads(r[18:-2].replace(" ", ""))
    except Exception:
      return ""
    return dic
 
  # 初始化 获取设备id 设置为cookie 必须
  def initialize(self):
    dic = self.getDEVICEID()
    if dic == "":
      print("网络获取指纹失败!使用默认id")
      RAIL_EXPIRATION = "1576651914389"
      RAIL_DEVICEID = "lBJStCNl0YGo_HVkGtwOo2LWziXcwzpIk5gc2vAILNYdRfaeZ04nJtZ1JZwgQIssMDksn10rAz6Hz-bekeufhAusaKJId8f2BCg05ocgrzc8-chv8h4IB-lQ9H04XjLXr2fbnHw-SLZga3PewEfgPz2s-mhp7NAz"
    else:
      print("网络获取指纹成功!")
      RAIL_EXPIRATION = dic["exp"]
      RAIL_DEVICEID = dic['dfp']
    SessionUtil.setCookie("RAIL_EXPIRATION", RAIL_EXPIRATION)
    SessionUtil.setCookie("RAIL_DEVICEID", RAIL_DEVICEID)
 
  def conf(self):
    res = SessionUtil.session.post(url=UrlUtils.Conf_url, data=None, headers=Headers.ConFHeader)
 
  def uamtkstatic(self):
    data = {
      'appid': 'otn'
    }
    SessionUtil.session.post(url=UrlUtils.UamtkStatic_url, data=data, headers=Headers.UamtkStaticHead)
 
  def get_img_code(self):
    try:
      img = SessionUtil.session.get(url=UrlUtils.Down_mg_url, headers=Headers.BaseHead).content
      with open('code.jpg', 'wb') as f:
        f.write(img)
    except Exception:
      print("下载图片错误! 等待重试~~")
      time.sleep(1)
      self.get_img_code()
 
  def check_img(self):
    try:
      Image.open('code.jpg').show()
    except Exception:
      time.sleep(2)
      Image.open('code.jpg').show()
    print("+---1-------+----------+----------+----------+")
    print("|  1   |  2   |  3   |  4   |")
    print("|----------|----------|----------|----------|")
    print("|  5   |  6   |  7   |  8   |")
    print("+----------+----------+----------+----------+")
    input_code = input("请在1—8中选择输入验证图片编号，以半角','隔开。(例如：1,3,5):")
    answer_code = ''
    try:
      for i in input_code.split(','):
        answer_code += ',' + self.answer[i] if (i is not input_code[0]) else self.answer[i]
    except Exception as e:
      print('输入错误请重新输入!')
      self.check_img()
    data = {
      'answer': answer_code,
      'rand': 'sjrand',
      'login_site': 'E',
    }
    response = SessionUtil.session.get(url=UrlUtils.Check_img_url, params=data, headers=Headers.BaseHead, )
    check_result = json.loads(response.text)
    print(check_result)
    try:
      if check_result['result_code'] == '4':
        print('*' * 20 + '验证码正确' + '*' * 20)
        self.answer_code=answer_code
      else:
        self.get_img_code()
        self.check_img()
    except Exception:
      self.get_img_code()
      self.check_img()
 
  # 校验密码正确
  def login(self, answer_code):
    user = ''
    password = ''
    try:
      with open("user.conf", "r", encoding="utf-8") as f:
        user = f.readline().strip().replace("[", '').replace("]", '').replace("name=", '')
        password = f.readline().strip().replace("[", '').replace("]", '').replace("pwd=", '')
        if user == "" or password == "":
          raise Exception
    except Exception:
      user = input("账号____:")
      password = input("密码____:")
 
    formdata = {
      'username': user,
      'password': password,
      'appid': 'otn',
      'answer': answer_code
    }
    login_result = SessionUtil.session.post(url=UrlUtils.Login_url, data=formdata, headers=Headers.BaseHead)
    login_result.encoding = 'utf-8'
    login_result = login_result.json()
    print(login_result)
    if login_result["result_code"] != 0: #{'result_message': '登录名不存在。', 'result_code': 1}
      sys.exit(0)
 
  # 二次校验
  def userLogin(self):
    # 获取一系列的cookie值才能真正的登录成功
    response = SessionUtil.session.get(url=UrlUtils.UserLogin_url, headers=Headers.UserLoginHead)
    # 更新JSESSIONID route
    response = SessionUtil.session.get(url=UrlUtils.Redirect_UserLogin_Url, headers=Headers.RedirectHead)
 
  def uamtk(self):
    # 获取 tk 下一个请求需要提交 tk 值
    data = {'appid': 'otn'}
    uamtk_page = SessionUtil.session.post(url=UrlUtils.Uamtk_url, data=data, headers=Headers.UamtkHeader)
    uamtk_page.encoding = 'utf-8'
    try:
      result = uamtk_page.json()
      print(result)
      if result['result_code'] != 0:
        raise Exception(result['result_message'])
      tk = result['newapptk']
      self.tk = tk
    except Exception:
      print("获取tk失败!")
      print("重试")
      self.run()
 
  def Uamauthclient(self):
    data = {'tk': self.tk}
    response = SessionUtil.session.post(url=UrlUtils.Uamauthclient_url, data=data,
                      headers=Headers.UamauthclientHeader)
    res = response.text
    try:
      dic = json.loads(res)
      print(dic)
      print(dic["username"] + ",欢迎登录!")
    except:
      print("登录失败!")
      self.run()
    # '{"result_code":0,"result_message":"验证通过","username":"XXX","apptk":"36yslXHez3_68-LtHvhI61mZkranjdw6kT9j4UMwEqrw1w0"}'
 
  def saveCookie(self):
    SessionUtil.save_cookies("12306cookies.txt")
 
  def getInfo(self):
 
    try:
      re = SessionUtil.session.post("https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/modifyUser/initQueryUserInfoApi",
                     headers=Headers.UserInfoHead)
      print(re.text)
    except:
      print("获取失败")
 
  def run(self):
    self.initialize()
    self.conf()
    self.uamtkstatic()
    self.get_img_code()
    self.check_img()
    self.login(self.answer_code)
    self.userLogin()
    self.uamtk()
    self.Uamauthclient()
    self.saveCookie()
    self.conf()
    self.getInfo()
 
 
if __name__ == '__main__':
  t = Ticket()
  result = "":
  try:
     with open("12306cookies.txt", "r", encoding="utf-8") as fr:
      result = fr.read()
   except Exception:
     pass
  if result != "":
    SessionUtil.load_cookies("12306cookies.txt")
    t.initialize()
    t.conf()
    t.uamtkstatic()
    t.userLogin()
    t.uamtk()
    t.Uamauthclient()
    t.getInfo()
  else:
    t.run()

BaseHead = {
  "User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/58.0.3029.110 Safari/537.36 Edge/16.16299",
  "Host": "kyfw.12306.cn",
  "Referer": "https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/resources/login.html"
}
 
UserLoginHead = {
  "User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/58.0.3029.110 Safari/537.36 Edge/16.16299",
  'Content-Type': 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded',
  'Referer': 'https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/resources/login.html',
  'Upgrade-Insecure-Requests': '1',
  'Accept-Encoding': 'gzip, deflate, br',
  'Accept': 'text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8',
}
RedirectHead = {
  "User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/58.0.3029.110 Safari/537.36 Edge/16.16299",
  'Referer': 'https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/resources/login.html',
  'Upgrade-Insecure-Requests': '1',
  'Accept-Encoding': 'gzip, deflate, br',
  'Accept': 'text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8',
 
}
 
UamtkHeader = {
  "User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/58.0.3029.110 Safari/537.36 Edge/16.16299",
  'Content-Type': 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded; charset=UTF-8',
  'Referer': 'https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/passport"User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/58.0.3029.110 Safari/537.36 Edge/16.16299",
  "Host": "kyfw.12306.cn",
  'Referer': r'https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/passport"User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/58.0.3029.110 Safari/537.36 Edge/16.16299",
  "Host": "kyfw.12306.cn",
  "Referer": "https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/resources/login.html"
}
 
UamtkStaticHead = {
  "User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/58.0.3029.110 Safari/537.36 Edge/16.16299",
  'Content-Type': 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded; charset=UTF-8',
  'Referer': 'https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/resources/login.html',
}
 
UserInfoHead = {
  "Accept": "*/*",
  "Accept-Encoding": "gzip, deflate, br",
  "Accept-Language": "zh-CN,zh;q=0.9,en;q=0.8",
  "Cache-Control": "no-cache",
  "Connection": "keep-alive",
  "Content-Length": "0",
  "Host": "kyfw.12306.cn",
  "Origin": "https://kyfw.12306.cn",
  "Pragma": "no-cache",
  "Referer": "https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/view/information.html",
  "Sec-Fetch-Mode": "cors",
  "Sec-Fetch-Site": "same-origin",
  "User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/78.0.3904.108 Safari/537.36",
  "X-Requested-With": "XMLHttpRequest",
}

import requests
import urllib3
from http import cookiejar
urllib3.disable_warnings()
session = requests.Session()
session.verify = False # 取消验证 SSL
 
def setCookie(key,value):
  session.cookies.set(key,value)
 
 
def removeCookies(key=None):
  session.cookies.set(key, None) if key else session.cookies.clear()
 
 
def load_cookies(cookie_path="12306cookies.txt"):
  load_cookiejar = cookiejar.LWPCookieJar()
  load_cookiejar.load(cookie_path, ignore_discard=True, ignore_expires=True)
  load_cookies = requests.utils.dict_from_cookiejar(load_cookiejar)
  session.cookies = requests.utils.cookiejar_from_dict(load_cookies)
 
def save_cookies(cookie_path="12306cookies.txt"):
  new_cookie_jar = cookiejar.LWPCookieJar(cookie_path)
  requests.utils.cookiejar_from_dict({c.name: c.value for c in session.cookies}, new_cookie_jar)
  new_cookie_jar.save(cookie_path, ignore_discard=True, ignore_expires=True)

import time
DEVICE_url= 'https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/HttpZF/logdevice"https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/index/initMy12306Api"[/mw_shl_code]