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Python爬虫实战之12306抢票开源

今天就和大家一起来讨论一下python实现12306余票查询(pycharm+python3.7),一起来感受一下python爬虫的简单实践

我们说先在浏览器中打开开发者工具(F12),尝试一次余票的查询,通过开发者工具查看发出请求的包

Python爬虫实战之12306抢票开源

余票查询界面

可以看到红框框中的URL就是我们向12306服务器发出的请求,那么具体是什么呢?我们来看看
https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/leftTicket/queryZ"https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/resources/js/framework/station_name.js" rel="external nofollow" >https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/resources/js/framework/station_name.js"text-align: center">Python爬虫实战之12306抢票开源

站点编码对应

下面我们就编写一个小程序,将这些城市名与编号提取出来:

import re,requests
url = "https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/resources/js/framework/station_name.js"
response = requests.get(url,verify=False)
#将车站的名字和编码进行提取
chezhan = re.findall(r'([\u4e00-\u9fa5]+)\|([A-Z]+)', response.text)
chezhan_code = dict(chezhan)
#进行交换
chezhan_names = dict(zip(chezhan_code.values(),chezhan_code.keys()))
#打印出得到的车站字典
print(chezhan_names)

得到的打印结果如下(只截取部分显示):

{'VAP': '北京北', 'BOP': '北京东', 'BJP': '北京', 'VNP': '北京南', 'BXP': '北京西', 'IZQ': '广州南', 'CUW': '重庆北', 'CQW': '重庆', 'CRW': '重庆南', 'CXW': '重庆西', 'GGQ': '广州东', 'SHH': '上海', 'SNH': '上海南', 'AOH': '上海虹桥', 'SXH': '上海西', 'TBP': '天津北', 'TJP': '天津', 'TIP': '天津南', 'TXP': '天津西', 'XJA': '香港西九龙', 'CCT': '长春', 'CET': '长春南', 'CRT': '长春西', 'ICW': '成都东', 'CNW': '成都南', 'CDW': '成都', 'CSQ': '长沙', 'CWQ': '长沙南',}

接下来我们就动手开始程序的主要代码编写:

def main():
  date     = input("请输入时间(如2019-01-22):\n")
  from_station = chezhan_code[input("请输入起始站点:\n")]
  to_station  = chezhan_code[input("请输入目的站点:\n")]
  url     = "https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/leftTicket/queryZ"
  headers = {
    "User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/63.0.3239.26 Safari/537.36 Core/1.63.5702.400 QQBrowser/10.2.1893.400"
  }
  url=url+"leftTicketDTO.train_date="+date+"&leftTicketDTO.from_station="+from_station+"&leftTicketDTO.to_station="+to_station+"&purpose_codes=ADULT"
  #print(url) 已经检查过生成的URL是正确的
  #request请求获取主页
  r = requests.get(url,headers=headers)
  r.raise_for_status()  #如果发送了一个错误的请求,会抛出异常
  r.encoding = r.apparent_encoding
  showTicket(r.text)

用户输入时间、起始站点、目的站点,然后通过get来请求,然后我们对返回的网页信息进行解析。我们现将上面代码的r.text进行打印,看看我们请求之后,返回了什么样的信息,然后决定我们应该如何解析

Python爬虫实战之12306抢票开源

运行结果

这样看着不方便,我们粘贴到记事本中,进行详细的分析:

Python爬虫实战之12306抢票开源

请求返回的结果信息

可以与12306显示的信息进行对比,K829是车次,CDW与BJQ是出发地和目的地,10:10是出发时间,06:13是到达时间,44:21是历时时间,20190123为查询的日期,剩下的就是一系列票的各种信息。

下面就是对这些返回的信息进行解析,其实这也是python爬虫的关键,就是解析!!!

我们先把信息转化为json格式,可以看到都是用“|”隔开的,那么我们就用split函数分割出来,下面是主要功能代码:

def showTicket(html):
  html = json.loads(html)
  table = PrettyTable([" 车次 ","出发车站","到达车站","出发时间","到达时间"," 历时 ","商务座"," 一等座","二等座","高级软卧","软卧","动卧","硬卧","软座","硬座","无座","其他","备注"])
  for i in html['data']['result']:
    name = [
          "station_train_code",
          "from_station_name",
          "to_station_name",
          "start_time",
          "arrive_time",
          "lishi",
          "swz_num",
          "zy_num",
          "ze_num",
          "dw_num",
          "gr_num",
          "rw_num",
          "yw_num",
          "rz_num",
          "yz_num",
          "wz_num",
          "qt_num",
          "note_num"
        ]
    data = {
          "station_train_code": '',
          "from_station_name": '',
          "to_station_name": '',
          "start_time": '',
          "arrive_time": '',
          "lishi": '',
          "swz_num": '',
          "zy_num": '',
          "ze_num": '',
          "dw_num": '',
          "gr_num": '',
          "rw_num": '',
          "yw_num": '',
          "rz_num": '',
          "yz_num": '',
          "wz_num": '',
          "qt_num": '',
          "note_num": ''
        }
    #将各项信息提取并赋值
    item = i.split('|')                 #使用“|”进行分割
    data["station_train_code"] = item[3]        #获取车次信息,在3号位置
    data["from_station_name"]  = item[6]        #始发站信息在6号位置
    data["to_station_name"]   = item[7]        #终点站信息在7号位置
    data["start_time"]     = item[8]        #出发时间在8号位置
    data["arrive_time"]     = item[9]        #抵达时间在9号位置
    data["lishi"]        = item[10]       #经历时间在10号位置
    data["swz_num"]       = item[32] or item[25] #特别注意,商务座在32或25位置
    data["zy_num"]       = item[31]       #一等座信息在31号位置
    data["ze_num"]       = item[30]       #二等座信息在30号位置
    data["gr_num"]       = item[21]       #高级软卧信息在21号位置
    data["rw_num"]       = item[23]       #软卧信息在23号位置
    data["dw_num"]       = item[27]       #动卧信息在27号位置
    data["yw_num"]       = item[28]       #硬卧信息在28号位置
    data["rz_num"]       = item[24]       #软座信息在24号位置
    data["yz_num"]       = item[29]       #硬座信息在29号位置
    data["wz_num"]       = item[26]       #无座信息在26号位置
    data["qt_num"]       = item[22]       #其他信息在22号位置
    data["note_num"]      = item[1]        #备注信息在1号位置
    color = Colored()
    data["note_num"] = color.white(item[1])
    #如果没有信息,那么就用“-”代替
    for pos in name:
      if data[pos] == "":
        data[pos] = "-"
    tickets = []
    cont = []
    cont.append(data)
    for x in cont:
      tmp = []
      for y in name:
        if y == "from_station_name":
          s = color.green(chezhan_names[data["from_station_name"]])
          tmp.append(s)
        elif y == "to_station_name":
          s = color.red(chezhan_names[data["to_station_name"]])
          tmp.append(s)
        elif y == "start_time":
          s = color.green(data["start_time"])
          tmp.append(s)
        elif y == "arrive_time":
          s = color.red(data["arrive_time"])
          tmp.append(s)
        elif y == "station_train_code":
          s = color.yellow(data["station_train_code"])
          tmp.append(s)
        else:
          tmp.append(data[y])
      tickets.append(tmp)
    for ticket in tickets:
      table.add_row(ticket)
  print(table)

那么我们程序就成功啦!!!

Python爬虫实战之12306抢票开源

运行结果

但是在编译器里面Prettytable的格子没有对齐,不要担心,我们到终端运行一下脚本,就可以看到很好看的输出啦:

Python爬虫实战之12306抢票开源

终端运行结果

Python爬虫实战之12306抢票开源

完成!!!下面是完整代码

main.py

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import re,requests,datetime,time,json
from prettytable import PrettyTable
from colorama import init,Fore
from stationinfo import chezhan_code,chezhan_names
init(autoreset=False)
class Colored(object):
  def yeah(self,s):
    return Fore.LIGHTCYAN_EX + s + Fore.RESET
  def green(self,s):
    return Fore.LIGHTGREEN_EX + s + Fore.RESET
  def yellow(self,s):
    return Fore.LIGHTYELLOW_EX + s + Fore.RESET
  def white(self,s):
    return Fore.LIGHTWHITE_EX + s + Fore.RESET
  def blue(self,s):
    return Fore.LIGHTBLUE_EX + s + Fore.RESET
def showTicket(html):
  html = json.loads(html)
  table = PrettyTable([" 车次 ","出发车站","到达车站","出发时间","到达时间"," 历时 ","商务座"," 一等座","二等座","高级软卧","软卧","动卧","硬卧","软座","硬座","无座","其他","备注"])
  for i in html['data']['result']:
    name = [
          "station_train_code",
          "from_station_name",
          "to_station_name",
          "start_time",
          "arrive_time",
          "lishi",
          "swz_num",
          "zy_num",
          "ze_num",
          "dw_num",
          "gr_num",
          "rw_num",
          "yw_num",
          "rz_num",
          "yz_num",
          "wz_num",
          "qt_num",
          "note_num"
        ]
    data = {
          "station_train_code": '',
          "from_station_name": '',
          "to_station_name": '',
          "start_time": '',
          "arrive_time": '',
          "lishi": '',
          "swz_num": '',
          "zy_num": '',
          "ze_num": '',
          "dw_num": '',
          "gr_num": '',
          "rw_num": '',
          "yw_num": '',
          "rz_num": '',
          "yz_num": '',
          "wz_num": '',
          "qt_num": '',
          "note_num": ''
        }
    #将各项信息提取并赋值
    item = i.split('|')                 #使用“|”进行分割
    data["station_train_code"] = item[3]        #获取车次信息,在3号位置
    data["from_station_name"]  = item[6]        #始发站信息在6号位置
    data["to_station_name"]   = item[7]        #终点站信息在7号位置
    data["start_time"]     = item[8]        #出发时间在8号位置
    data["arrive_time"]     = item[9]        #抵达时间在9号位置
    data["lishi"]        = item[10]       #经历时间在10号位置
    data["swz_num"]       = item[32] or item[25] #特别注意,商务座在32或25位置
    data["zy_num"]       = item[31]       #一等座信息在31号位置
    data["ze_num"]       = item[30]       #二等座信息在30号位置
    data["gr_num"]       = item[21]       #高级软卧信息在21号位置
    data["rw_num"]       = item[23]       #软卧信息在23号位置
    data["dw_num"]       = item[27]       #动卧信息在27号位置
    data["yw_num"]       = item[28]       #硬卧信息在28号位置
    data["rz_num"]       = item[24]       #软座信息在24号位置
    data["yz_num"]       = item[29]       #硬座信息在29号位置
    data["wz_num"]       = item[26]       #无座信息在26号位置
    data["qt_num"]       = item[22]       #其他信息在22号位置
    data["note_num"]      = item[1]        #备注信息在1号位置
    color = Colored()
    data["note_num"] = color.white(item[1])
    #如果没有信息,那么就用“-”代替
    for pos in name:
      if data[pos] == "":
        data[pos] = "-"
    tickets = []
    cont = []
    cont.append(data)
    for x in cont:
      tmp = []
      for y in name:
        if y == "from_station_name":
          s = color.green(chezhan_names[data["from_station_name"]])
          tmp.append(s)
        elif y == "to_station_name":
          s = color.yeah(chezhan_names[data["to_station_name"]])
          tmp.append(s)
        elif y == "start_time":
          s = color.green(data["start_time"])
          tmp.append(s)
        elif y == "arrive_time":
          s = color.yeah(data["arrive_time"])
          tmp.append(s)
        elif y == "station_train_code":
          s = color.yellow(data["station_train_code"])
          tmp.append(s)
        else:
          tmp.append(data[y])
      tickets.append(tmp)
    for ticket in tickets:
      table.add_row(ticket)
  print(table)
def main():
  date     = input("请输入时间:\n")
  from_station = chezhan_code[input("请输入起始站点:\n")]
  to_station  = chezhan_code[input("请输入目的站点:\n")]
  url     = "https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/leftTicket/queryZ"
  headers = {
    "User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/63.0.3239.26 Safari/537.36 Core/1.63.5702.400 QQBrowser/10.2.1893.400"
  }
url=url+"leftTicketDTO.train_date="+date+"&leftTicketDTO.from_station="+from_station+"&leftTicketDTO.to_station="+to_station+"&purpose_codes=ADULT"
  #print(url) 已经检查过生成的URL是正确的
  #request请求获取主页
  r = requests.get(url,headers=headers)
  r.raise_for_status()  #如果发送了一个错误的请求,会抛出异常
  r.encoding = r.apparent_encoding
  showTicket(r.text)
  #print(r.text)
main()

stationinfo.py

import re,requests
url = "https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/resources/js/framework/station_name.js"
response = requests.get(url,verify=False)
#将车站的名字和编码进行提取
chezhan = re.findall(r'([\u4e00-\u9fa5]+)\|([A-Z]+)', response.text)
chezhan_code = dict(chezhan)
chezhan_names = dict(zip(chezhan_code.values(),chezhan_code.keys()))
#print(chezhan_names)

总结

以上就是这篇文章的全部内容了,希望本文的内容对大家的学习或者工作具有一定的参考学习价值,谢谢大家对的支持。如果你想了解更多相关内容请查看下面相关链接