PYTHON游戏编程外星人入侵的完整实现思路，具体内容如下
准备工作：下载python，比如Anaconda3（64 bit），导入pygame游戏包
1.外星人设置，alien.py，代码：
import pygame
from pygame.sprite import Sprite
class Alien(Sprite):
"""表示单个外星人的类"""
def __init__(self,ai_settings,screen):
"""初始化外星人并设置其他位置"""
super(Alien,self).__init__()
self.screen = screen
self.ai_settings = ai_settings
#加载外星人图像，并设置其rect属性
self.image = pygame.image.load('images/alien.bmp')
self.rect = self.image.get_rect()
#每个外星人最初都在屏幕左上角附近
self.rect.x = self.rect.width
self.rect.y = self.rect.height
#存储外星人的准确位置
self.x = float(self.rect.x)
def blitme(self):
"""在指定位置绘制外星人"""
self.screen.blit(self.image,self.rect)
def check_edges(self):
"""如果外星人位于屏幕边缘，就返回True"""
screen_rect = self.screen.get_rect()
if self.rect.right >= screen_rect.right:
return True
elif self.rect.left <= 0:
return True
def update(self):
"""向右移动外星人"""
self.x += (self.ai_settings.alien_speed_factor * self.ai_settings.fleet_direction)
self.rect.x = self.x
2.游戏主程序，alien_invasion.py，代码:
import pygame
from settings import Settings
from game_stats import GameStats
from button import Button
from ship import Ship
from pygame.sprite import Group
import game_functions as gf
from scoreboard import Scoreboard
def run_game():
pygame.init() # 初始化背景设置
ai_settings = Settings() # 全局设置
screen = pygame.display.set_mode( # 创建screen显示窗口
(ai_settings.screen_width,ai_settings.screen_height)
)
pygame.display.set_caption('Alien Invasion') # 标题
#新建Play按钮
play_button = Button(ai_settings,screen,"Play")
#创建一个用于存储游戏统计信息的实例,并创建记分牌
stats = GameStats(ai_settings)
sb = Scoreboard(ai_settings, screen, stats)
# 创建飞船
ship = Ship(ai_settings,screen)
# 创建子弹编组
bullets = Group()
#创建一个外星人
aliens = Group()
#创建外星人群
gf.create_fleet(ai_settings,screen,ship,aliens)
# 开始游戏主循环
while True:
# 监视键盘和鼠标事件
gf.check_events(ai_settings,screen,stats,sb,play_button,ship,aliens,bullets)
if stats.game_active:
# 移动飞船
gf.update_ship(ship)
# 更新子弹位置
gf.update_bullets(ai_settings,screen,stats,sb,ship,aliens,bullets)
#更新外星人
gf.update_aliens(ai_settings,stats,screen,sb,ship,aliens,bullets)
# 更新屏幕
gf.update_screen(ai_settings,screen,stats,sb,ship,aliens,bullets,play_button)
run_game()
3.设置子弹，bullet.py，代码：
import pygame from pygame.sprite import Sprite import time class Bullet(Sprite): '''飞船子弹进行管理''' def __init__(self,ai_settings,screen,ship): super(Bullet,self).__init__() self.screen = screen # 创建子弹矩形初始位置（0,0,3,15）分别对应lef，top，宽，高 self.rect = pygame.Rect(0,0, ai_settings.bullet_width, ai_settings.bullet_height) self.rect.centerx = ship.rect.centerx # 设置中心点x轴坐标跟飞船一致 self.rect.top = ship.rect.top # 设置y轴坐标顶部跟飞船一致 # 设置成小数进行计算 self.top = float(self.rect.top) self.color = ai_settings.bullet_color self.speed_factor = ai_settings.bullet_speed_factor def update(self): self.top -=self.speed_factor self.rect.top = self.top print(self.rect.top) def draw_bullet(self): pygame.draw.rect(self.screen,self.color,self.rect)
4.设置Play按钮，button.py，代码：
import pygame.font class Button(): def __init__(self,ai_settings,screen,msg): """初始化按钮属性""" self.screen = screen self.screen_rect = screen.get_rect() #设置按钮的尺寸和其他属性 self.width,self.height = 200,50 self.button_color = (0,255,0) self.text_color = (255,255,255) self.font = pygame.font.SysFont(None,48) #创建按钮的rect对象，并使其居中 self.rect = pygame.Rect(0,0,self.width,self.height) self.rect.center = self.screen_rect.center #按钮的标签只需创建一次 self.prep_msg(msg) def prep_msg(self,msg): """将msg渲染为图像，并使其在按钮上居中""" self.msg_image = self.font.render(msg,True,self.text_color,self.button_color) self.msg_image_rect = self.msg_image.get_rect() self.msg_image_rect.center =self.rect.center def draw_button(self): #绘制一个用颜色填充的按钮，再绘制文本 self.screen.fill(self.button_color,self.rect) self.screen.blit(self.msg_image,self.msg_image_rect)
5.设置游戏功能，game_functions.py，代码：
import sys
import pygame
from bullet import Bullet
from alien import Alien
from time import sleep
def check_events(ai_settings,screen,stats,sb,play_button,ship,aliens,bullets):
# 监视键盘和鼠标事件
for event in pygame.event.get():
if event.type == pygame.QUIT: # 关闭窗口退出
sys.exit()
elif event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN:
check_keydown_events(event,ai_settings,screen,ship,bullets)
elif event.type == pygame.KEYUP:
check_keyup_events(event,ship)
elif event.type == pygame.MOUSEBUTTONDOWN:
mouse_x, mouse_y = pygame.mouse.get_pos()
check_play_button(ai_settings,screen,stats,sb,play_button,ship,aliens,bullets,mouse_x, mouse_y)
def check_play_button(ai_settings,screen,stats,sb,play_button,ship,aliens,bullets,mouse_x, mouse_y):
"""在玩家单击Play按钮时开始游戏"""
button_clicked = play_button.rect.collidepoint(mouse_x,mouse_y)
if button_clicked and not stats.game_active:
#重置游戏设置
ai_settings.initialize_dynamic_settings()
#隐藏光标
pygame.mouse.set_visible(False)
#重置游戏统计信息
stats.reset_stats()
stats.game_active = True
#重置计分牌图像
sb.prep_score()
sb.prep_high_score()
sb.prep_level()
sb.prep_ships()
#清空外星人列表和子弹列表
aliens.empty()
bullets.empty()
#创建一群新的外星人，并让飞船居中
create_fleet(ai_settings,screen,ship,aliens)
ship.center_ship()
def update_screen(ai_settings,screen,stats,sb,ship,aliens,bullets,play_button):
'''更新屏幕上的图片，并切换到新屏幕'''
screen.fill(ai_settings.bg_color) # 设置背景颜色
ship.blitme() # 绘制飞船
aliens.draw(screen)
# 循环子弹组里面的元素，进行绘制 为空时不执行
for bullet in bullets.sprites():
bullet.draw_bullet() # 绘制子弹
#显示得分
sb.show_score()
#如果游戏处于非活跃状态，就显示Play按钮
if not stats.game_active:
play_button.draw_button()
# 显示最新屏幕，擦拭旧屏幕
pygame.display.flip()
# print('1')
def check_keydown_events(event,ai_settings,screen,ship,bullets):
if event.key == pygame.K_RIGHT:
ship.moving_right = True
elif event.key == pygame.K_LEFT:
ship.moving_left = True
elif event.key == pygame.K_SPACE:
fire_bullet(ai_settings,screen,ship,bullets)
elif event.key == pygame.K_q:
sys.exit()
def check_keyup_events(event,ship):
if event.key == pygame.K_RIGHT:
ship.moving_right = False
elif event.key == pygame.K_LEFT:
ship.moving_left = False
def update_bullets(ai_settings,screen,stats,sb,ship,aliens,bullets):
'''更新子弹位置，删除子弹'''
bullets.update() # 子弹组每个成员执行self.update()操作
for bullet in bullets.sprites():
if bullet.rect.bottom <= 0: # 子弹出界 删除
bullets.remove(bullet)
check_bullet_alien_collisions(ai_settings,screen,stats,sb,ship,aliens,bullets)
def check_bullet_alien_collisions(ai_settings,screen,stats,sb,ship,aliens,bullets):
"""响应外星人和子弹的碰撞"""
#删除发生碰撞的子弹和外星人
collisions = pygame.sprite.groupcollide(bullets,aliens,True,True)
if collisions:
for aliens in collisions.values():
stats.score += ai_settings.alien_points * len(aliens)
sb.prep_score()
check_high_score(stats,sb)
if len(aliens)==0:
#删除现有的子弹并新建一群外星人,加快游戏进度节奏
bullets.empty()
ai_settings.increase_speed()
#提高等级
stats.level += 1
sb.prep_level()
create_fleet(ai_settings,screen,ship,aliens)
def update_ship(ship):
ship.update()
def fire_bullet(ai_settings,screen,ship,bullets):
# 创建一个子弹对象 加入到子弹组
if len(bullets) < ai_settings.bullets_allowed: # 子弹少于允许值时再生成
new_bullet = Bullet(ai_settings, screen, ship)
bullets.add(new_bullet)
def get_number_aliens_x(ai_settings,alien_width):
"""计算每行可容纳多少个外星人"""
available_space_x = ai_settings.screen_width - 2 * alien_width
number_aliens_x = int(available_space_x / (2 * alien_width))
return number_aliens_x
def get_number_rows(ai_settings,ship_height,alien_height):
"""计算屏幕可容纳多少行外星人"""
available_space_y = (ai_settings.screen_height - (3 * alien_height) - ship_height)
number_rows = int(available_space_y / (2 * alien_height))
return number_rows
def create_aliens(ai_settings,screen,aliens,alien_number,row_number):
"""创建一个外星人并将其放在当期行"""
alien = Alien(ai_settings,screen)
alien_width = alien.rect.width
alien.x = alien_width + 2 * alien_width * alien_number
alien.rect.x = alien.x
alien.rect.y = alien.rect.height + 2 * alien.rect.height * row_number
aliens.add(alien)
def create_fleet(ai_settings,screen,ship,aliens):
"""创建外星人群"""
#创建一个外星人，并计算一行可以容纳多少个外星人
#外星人间距为外星人宽度
alien = Alien(ai_settings,screen)
number_aliens_x = get_number_aliens_x(ai_settings,alien.rect.width)
number_rows = get_number_rows(ai_settings,ship.rect.height,alien.rect.height)
#创建第一行外星人
for row_number in range(number_rows):
for alien_number in range(number_aliens_x):
#创建一个外星人并将其加入当前行
create_aliens(ai_settings,screen,aliens,alien_number,row_number)
def check_fleet_edges(ai_settings,aliens):
"""有外星人到达边缘时采取相应措施"""
for alien in aliens.sprites():
if alien.check_edges():
change_fleet_direction(ai_settings,aliens)
break
def change_fleet_direction(ai_settings,aliens):
"""将整群外星人下移，并改变他们的运动方向"""
for alien in aliens.sprites():
alien.rect.y += ai_settings.fleet_drop_speed
ai_settings.fleet_direction *= -1
def ship_hit(ai_settings,stats,screen,sb,ship,aliens,bullets):
"""响应被外星人撞到的飞船"""
if stats.ships_left > 0:
#将ship_left减1
stats.ships_left -= 1
#更新记分牌
sb.prep_ships()
#清空外星人列表和子弹列表
aliens.empty()
bullets.empty()
#创建一群新的外星人，并将飞船放到屏幕低端中央
create_fleet(ai_settings,screen,ship,aliens)
ship.center_ship()
#暂停
sleep(0.5)
else:
stats.game_active = False
pygame.mouse.set_visible(True)
def check_aliens_bottom(ai_settings,stats,screen,sb,ship,aliens,bullets):
"""检查是否有外星人到达屏幕低端"""
screen_rect = screen.get_rect()
for alien in aliens.sprites():
if alien.rect.bottom >= screen_rect.bottom:
#像飞船被撞到一样进行处理
ship_hit(ai_settings,stats,screen,sb,ship,aliens,bullets)
break
def update_aliens(ai_settings,stats,screen,sb,ship,aliens,bullets):
"""更新外星人群中所有外星人的位置"""
check_fleet_edges(ai_settings,aliens)
aliens.update()
#检测外星人和飞船之间的碰撞
if pygame.sprite.spritecollideany(ship,aliens):
ship_hit(ai_settings,stats,screen,sb,ship,aliens,bullets)
#检查是否有外星人到达屏幕低端
check_aliens_bottom(ai_settings,stats,screen,sb,ship,aliens,bullets)
def check_high_score(stats,sb):
"""检查是否诞生了新的最高纪录"""
if stats.score > stats.high_score:
stats.high_score = stats.score
sb.prep_high_score()
6.游戏统计信息，game_stats.py，代码：
class GameStats(): """跟踪游戏的统计信息""" def __init__(self,ai_settings): """初始化统计信息""" self.ai_settings = ai_settings self.reset_stats() #游戏刚启动时处于非活动状态 self.game_active = False #在任何情况下不应该重置最高分 self.high_score = 0 self.level = 1 def reset_stats(self): """初始化在游戏运行期间可能变化的统计信息""" self.ships_left = self.ai_settings.ship_limit self.score = 0
7.分数设置，scoreboard.py，代码：
import pygame.font
from pygame.sprite import Group
from ship import Ship
class Scoreboard():
"""显示得分信息的类"""
def __init__(self, ai_settings, screen, stats):
"""初始化显示得分涉及的属性"""
self.screen =screen
self.screen_rect = screen.get_rect()
self.ai_settings = ai_settings
self.stats = stats
#显示得分信息时使用的字体设置
self.text_color = (30, 30, 30)
self.font = pygame.font.SysFont(None, 48)
#准备初始化得分图像和当前最高分数
self.prep_score()
self.prep_high_score()
self.prep_level()
self.prep_ships()
def prep_score(self):
"""将得分转换为一幅渲染的图像"""
rounded_score = int(round(self.stats.score, -1))
score_str = "{:,}".format(rounded_score)
self.score_image = self.font.render(score_str, True, self.text_color, self.ai_settings.bg_color)
#将得分放在右上角
self.score_rect = self.score_image.get_rect()
self.score_rect.right = self.screen_rect.right - 20
self.score_rect.top = 5
def prep_high_score(self):
"""将最高得分转换为渲染图像"""
high_score = int(round(self.stats.high_score, -1))
high_score_str = "{:,}".format(high_score)
self.high_score_image = self.font.render(high_score_str, True, self.text_color, self.ai_settings.bg_color)
#将最高分放在屏幕最中央
self.high_score_rect = self.high_score_image.get_rect()
self.high_score_rect.centerx = self.screen_rect.centerx
self.high_score_rect.top = 5
def prep_level(self):
"""将等级转换为渲染图像"""
self.level_image = self.font.render(str(self.stats.level), True, self.text_color, self.ai_settings.bg_color)
#将得分放在右上角
self.level_rect = self.score_image.get_rect()
self.level_rect.right = self.screen_rect.right
self.level_rect.top = self.score_rect.bottom
def prep_ships(self):
"""显示还剩下多少艘飞船"""
self.ships = Group()
for ship_number in range(self.stats.ships_left):
ship = Ship(self.ai_settings, self.screen)
ship.rect.x = 10 + ship_number * ship.rect.width
ship.rect.y = 10
self.ships.add(ship)
def show_score(self):
"""在屏幕上显示得分和等级"""
self.screen.blit(self.score_image, self.score_rect)
self.screen.blit(self.high_score_image, self.high_score_rect)
self.screen.blit(self.level_image, self.level_rect)
#绘制飞船
self.ships.draw(self.screen)
8.设置，settings.py，代码：
class Settings(): '''存储外星人入侵中所有的设置''' def __init__(self): '''初始化设置''' #屏幕设置 self.screen_width = 1200 self.screen_height = 600 self.bg_color = (230,230,230) # 设置背景色 灰色 #飞船设置 self.ship_limit = 3 self.ship_image_path = 'images/ship.bmp' # 飞船图片路径 #子弹设置 self.bullet_width = 3 self.bullet_height = 15 self.bullet_color = 60,60,60 self.bullets_allowed = 3 # 允许屏幕中出现子弹的数量 #外星人设置 self.fleet_drop_speed = 10 #以什么样的速度加快游戏节奏 self.speedup_scale = 1.1 #外星人点数提高速度 self.score_scale = 1.5 self.initialize_dynamic_settings() def initialize_dynamic_settings(self): """初始化随游戏进行而变化的设置""" self.ship_speed_factor = 1.5 self.bullet_speed_factor = 3 self.alien_speed_factor = 1 #fleet_direction为1表示向右移，为-1表示向左移 self.fleet_direction = 1 #计分 self.alien_points = 50 def increase_speed(self): """提高速度设置,外星人点数""" self.ship_speed_factor *= self.speedup_scale self.bullet_speed_factor *= self.speedup_scale self.alien_speed_factor *= self.speedup_scale self.alien_points = int(self.alien_points * self.score_scale) print(self.alien_points)
9.飞船设置，ship.py，代码：
import pygame from pygame.sprite import Sprite class Ship(Sprite): '''飞船所有信息''' def __init__(self,ai_settings,screen): """初始化飞船，并设置其起始位置""" super(Ship,self).__init__() self.screen=screen self.ai_settings = ai_settings # 加载飞船图片、获取外接矩形 self.image = pygame.image.load(self.ai_settings.ship_image_path) # 加载图片 self.image = pygame.transform.smoothscale(self.image,(40,60)) self.rect = self.image.get_rect() # 获取图片外接矩形 self.screen_rect = screen.get_rect() #获取屏幕外接矩形 # 将每搜新飞船放到并木底部中心 self.rect.centerx = self.screen_rect.centerx self.rect.bottom = self.screen_rect.bottom # 设置成浮点类型 self.center = float(self.rect.centerx) # self.rect.centerx设置不了浮点数 只能另设置一个变量进行运算 # 移动标志 self.moving_right = False self.moving_left = False def blitme(self): '''在指定位置绘制飞船''' self.screen.blit(self.image,self.rect) def update(self): # 向右移动飞船 if self.moving_right and self.rect.right < self.screen_rect.right: self.center +=self.ai_settings.ship_speed_factor # 向左移动飞船 if self.moving_left and self.rect.left > self.screen_rect.left: self.center -= self.ai_settings.ship_speed_factor self.rect.centerx = self.center def center_ship(self): """让飞船在屏幕上居中""" self.center = self.screen_rect.centerx
效果展示：
游戏资源：图片资源
更多关于python游戏的精彩文章请点击查看以下专题：
python俄罗斯方块游戏集合
python经典小游戏汇总
python微信跳一跳游戏集合
以上就是本文的全部内容，希望对大家的学习有所帮助，也希望大家多多支持。