前言
关于python版本，我一开始看很多资料说python2比较好，因为很多库还不支持3，但是使用到现在为止觉得还是pythin3比较好用，因为编码什么的问题，觉得2还是没有3方便。而且在网上找到的2中的一些资料稍微改一下也还是可以用。
好了，开始说爬百度百科的事。
这里设定的需求是爬取北京地区n个景点的全部信息，n个景点的名称是在文件中给出的。没有用到api，只是单纯的爬网页信息。
1、根据关键字获取url
由于只需要爬取信息，而且不涉及交互，可以使用简单的方法而不需要模拟浏览器。
可以直接
<strong>http://baike.baidu.com/search/word"guanjianci"</strong>
<strong>for </strong>l <strong>in </strong>view_names: <strong>'''http://baike.baidu.com/search/word"color: #ff0000">2、下载url用urllib库轻松实现，见下面的代码中
def download(self,url)3、利用Beautifulsoup获取html
4、数据分析
百科中的内容是并列的段，所以在爬的时候不能自然的按段逻辑存储（因为全都是并列的）。所以必须用正则的方法。
基本的想法就是把整个html文件看做是str,然后用正则的方法截取想要的内容，在重新把这段内容转换成
beautifulsoup对象，然后在进一步处理。可能要花些时间看一下正则。
代码中还有很多细节，忘了再查吧只能，下次绝对应该边做编写文档，或者做完马上写。。。
贴代码！
# coding:utf-8 ''' function：爬取百度百科所有北京景点， author:yi ''' import urllib.request from urllib.request import urlopen from urllib.error import HTTPError import urllib.parse from bs4 import BeautifulSoup import re import codecs import json class BaikeCraw(object): def __init__(self): self.urls =set() self.view_datas= {} def craw(self,filename): urls = self.getUrls(filename) if urls == None: print("not found") else: for urll in urls: print(urll) try: html_count=self.download(urll) self.passer(urll, html_count) except: print("view do not exist") '''file=self.view_datas["view_name"] self.craw_pic(urll,file,html_count) print(file)''' def getUrls (self, filename): new_urls = set() file_object = codecs.open(filename, encoding='utf-16', ) try: all_text = file_object.read() except: print("文件打开异常！") file_object.close() file_object.close() view_names=all_text.split(" ") for l in view_names: if '"main-content").find('h1') is not None: self.view_datas["view_name"]=soup.find('div',class_="main-content").find('h1').get_text()#景点名 print(self.view_datas["view_name"]) else: self.view_datas["view_name"] = soup.find("div", class_="feature_poster").find("h1").get_text() self.view_datas["view_message"] = soup.find('div', class_="lemma-summary").get_text()#简介 self.view_datas["basic_message"]=soup.find('div', class_="basic-info cmn-clearfix").get_text() #基本信息 self.view_datas["basic_message"]=self.view_datas["basic_message"].split("\n") get=[] for line in self.view_datas["basic_message"]: if line != "": get.append(line) self.view_datas["basic_message"]=get i=1 get2=[] tmp="%%" for line in self.view_datas["basic_message"]: if i % 2 == 1: tmp=line else: a=tmp+":"+line get2.append(a) i=i+1 self.view_datas["basic_message"] = get2 self.view_datas["catalog"] = soup.find('div', class_="lemma-catalog").get_text().split("\n")#目录整体 get = [] for line in self.view_datas["catalog"]: if line != "": get.append(line) self.view_datas["catalog"] = get #########################百科内容 view_name=self.view_datas["view_name"] html = urllib.request.urlopen(url) soup2 = BeautifulSoup(html.read(), 'html.parser').decode('utf-8') p = re.compile(r'', re.DOTALL) # 尾 r = p.search(content_data_node) content_data = content_data_node[0:r.span(0)[0]] lists = content_data.split('') i = 1 for list in lists:#每一大块 final_soup = BeautifulSoup(list, "html.parser") name_list = None try: part_name = final_soup.find('h2', class_="title-text").get_text().replace(view_name, '').strip() part_data = final_soup.get_text().replace(view_name, '').replace(part_name, '').replace('编辑', '') # 历史沿革 name_list = final_soup.findAll('h3', class_="title-text") all_name_list = {} na="part_name"+str(i) all_name_list[na] = part_name final_name_list = []########### for nlist in name_list: nlist = nlist.get_text().replace(view_name, '').strip() final_name_list.append(nlist) fin="final_name_list"+str(i) all_name_list[fin] = final_name_list print(all_name_list) i=i+1 #正文 try: p = re.compile(r'', re.DOTALL) final_soup = final_soup.decode('utf-8') r = p.search(final_soup) final_part_data = final_soup[r.span(0)[0]:] part_lists = final_part_data.split('') for part_list in part_lists: final_part_soup = BeautifulSoup(part_list, "html.parser") content_lists = final_part_soup.findAll("div", class_="para") for content_list in content_lists: # 每个最小段 try: pic_word = content_list.find("div", class_="lemma-picture text-pic layout-right").get_text() # 去掉文字中的图片描述 try: pic_word2 = content_list.find("div", class_="description").get_text() # 去掉文字中的图片描述 content_list = content_list.get_text().replace(pic_word, '').replace(pic_word2, '') except: content_list = content_list.get_text().replace(pic_word, '') except: try: pic_word2 = content_list.find("div", class_="description").get_text() # 去掉文字中的图片描述 content_list = content_list.get_text().replace(pic_word2, '') except: content_list = content_list.get_text() r_part = re.compile(r'\[\d.\]|\[\d\]') part_result, number = re.subn(r_part, "", content_list) part_result = "".join(part_result.split()) #print(part_result) except: final_part_soup = BeautifulSoup(list, "html.parser") content_lists = final_part_soup.findAll("div", class_="para") for content_list in content_lists: try: pic_word = content_list.find("div", class_="lemma-picture text-pic layout-right").get_text() # 去掉文字中的图片描述 try: pic_word2 = content_list.find("div", class_="description").get_text() # 去掉文字中的图片描述 content_list = content_list.get_text().replace(pic_word, '').replace(pic_word2, '') except: content_list = content_list.get_text().replace(pic_word, '') except: try: pic_word2 = content_list.find("div", class_="description").get_text() # 去掉文字中的图片描述 content_list = content_list.get_text().replace(pic_word2, '') except: content_list = content_list.get_text() r_part = re.compile(r'\[\d.\]|\[\d\]') part_result, number = re.subn(r_part, "", content_list) part_result = "".join(part_result.split()) #print(part_result) except: print("error") return def output(self,filename): json_data = json.dumps(self.view_datas, ensure_ascii=False, indent=2) fout = codecs.open(filename+'.json', 'a', encoding='utf-16', ) fout.write( json_data) # print(json_data) return def craw_pic(self,url,filename,html_count): soup = BeautifulSoup(html_count, 'html.parser', from_encoding='utf_8') node_pic=soup.find('div',class_='banner').find("a", href=re.compile("/photo/poi/....\.")) if node_pic is None: return None else: part_url_pic=node_pic['href'] full_url_pic=urllib.parse.urljoin(url,part_url_pic) #print(full_url_pic) try: html_pic = urlopen(full_url_pic) except HTTPError as e: return None soup_pic=BeautifulSoup(html_pic.read()) pic_node=soup_pic.find('div',class_="album-list") print(pic_node) return if __name__ =="__main__" : spider=BaikeCraw() filename="D:\PyCharm\\view_spider\\view_points_part.txt" spider.craw(filename)总结
用python3根据关键词爬取百度百科的内容到这就基本结束了，希望这篇文章能对大家学习python有所帮助。