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tomcat单机多实例的实现

1、前言

"color: #ff0000">2、系统环境

系统:16.04.5 LTS
JDK版本:openjdk 1.8
tomcat版本:apache-tomcat-9.0.13

3、环境搭建

3.1、下载tomcat

安装jdk:

apt-get install openjdk-8-jdk

访问官网:https://tomcat.apache.org/download-90.cgi

tomcat单机多实例的实现

找到core,点击tar.gz带弹出下载连接复制下载地址。
然后使用命令下载tomcat

wget http://mirrors.hust.edu.cn/apache/tomcat/tomcat-9/v9.0.13/bin/apache-tomcat-9.0.13.tar.gz

解压tomcat:

tar -xzvf apache-tomcat-9.0.13.tar.gz

建一个程序目录:

##创建一个程序目录
mkdir /data

##移动解压文件到data目录下
mv ./apache-tomcat-9.0.13 /data/

cp /etc/profile /etc/profile.bak
echo "export CATALINA_HOME=/data/apache-tomcat-9.0.13"  /etc/profile
echo "export PATH=\$PATH:\$CATALINA_HOME/bin" /etc/profile && source /etc/profile
##创建sh文件
touch tomcat-start.sh tomcat-stop.sh

##更改权限
chmod 760 /data/tomcat-start.sh /data/tomcat-stop.sh

备份profile,并写入tomcat的CATALINA_HOME到环境变量,激活环境变量。

创建 tomcat-start.sh,内容如下:

#!/bin/bash
##这里的CATALINA_BASE,是当前脚本的的父目录,如果不在CATALINA_BASE的子目录的话,记得修改
export CATALINA_BASE=$(cd $(dirname $0); cd .. ; pwd)

echo $CATALINA_BASE

TOMCAT_ID=`ps aux |grep "java"|grep "Dcatalina.base=$CATALINA_BASE "|grep -v "grep"|awk '{ print $2}'`

if [ -n "$TOMCAT_ID" ] ; then
echo "tomcat($TOMCAT_ID) still running now , please shutdown it first";
 exit 2;
fi

TOMCAT_START_LOG=`$CATALINA_HOME/bin/startup.sh`

if [ "$" = "0" ]; then
	echo "shell script: $0"
 echo "CATALINA_BASE: $CATALINA_BASE"
 echo "tomcat thread: $TOMCAT_ID"
 echo "start succeed!!!"
else
 echo "$0 $CATALINA_BASE start failed"
 echo $TOMCAT_START_LOG
fi

创建 tomcat-stop.sh,内容如下:

#!/bin/bash
##这里的CATALINA_BASE,是当前脚本的的父目录,如果不在CATALINA_BASE的子目录的话,记得修改
export CATALINA_BASE=$(cd $(dirname $0); cd .. ; pwd)

echo $CATALINA_BASE

TOMCAT_ID=`ps aux |grep "java"|grep "[D]catalina.base=$CATALINA_BASE "|awk '{ print $2}'`

if [ -n "$TOMCAT_ID" ] ; then
TOMCAT_STOP_LOG=`$CATALINA_HOME/bin/shutdown.sh`
else
 echo "Tomcat instance not found : $CATALINA_BASE"
 exit
fi

if [ "$" = "0" ]; then
 echo "shell script: $0"
 echo "CATALINA_BASE: $CATALINA_BASE"
 echo "stop succeed!!!"
else
 echo "$0 $CATALINA_BASE stop failed"
 echo $TOMCAT_STOP_LOG
fi

复制两个tomcat:

##完成删除lib和bin文件夹内容,生成空的bin文件夹
cp -r apache-tomcat-9.0.13 /data/apache-tomcat-test1 && cd /data/apache-tomcat-test1 && rm -rf lib/ bin/ && mkdir bin && cd -

##复制启动和停止脚本到bin文件夹,带权限复制
cp -p tomcat-start.sh tomcat-stop.sh /data/apache-tomcat-test1/bin/

##一个同样的tomcat目录,带权限复制
cp -Rp /data/apache-tomcat-test1/ /data/apache-tomcat-test2/

配置 server.xml 端口

你知道的,同一个服务器部署不同 Tomcat 要设置不同的端口,不然会报端口冲突,所以我们只需要修改conf/server.xml中的其中前三个端口就行了。但它有四个分别是:

  • Server Port:该端口用于监听关闭tomcat的shutdown命令,默认为8005
  • Connector HTTP Port:该端口用于监听HTTP的请求,默认为8080
  • Connector AJP Port:该端口用于监听AJP( Apache JServ Protocol )协议上的请求,通常用于整合Apache Server等其他HTTP服务器,默认为8009
  • Redirect Port:重定向端口,出现在Connector配置中,如果该Connector仅支持非SSL的普通http请求,那么该端口会把 https 的请求转发到这个Redirect Port指定的端口,默认为8443;

去掉注释的版本:

<"1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<Server port="8005" shutdown="SHUTDOWN">
 <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener" />
 <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.core.AprLifecycleListener" SSLEngine="on" />
 <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.core.JreMemoryLeakPreventionListener" />
 <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.mbeans.GlobalResourcesLifecycleListener" />
 <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.core.ThreadLocalLeakPreventionListener" />
 <GlobalNamingResources>
 <Resource name="UserDatabase" auth="Container"
    type="org.apache.catalina.UserDatabase"
    description="User database that can be updated and saved"
    factory="org.apache.catalina.users.MemoryUserDatabaseFactory"
    pathname="conf/tomcat-users.xml" />
 </GlobalNamingResources>
 <Service name="Catalina">
 <Connector port="8080" protocol="HTTP/1.1"
    connectionTimeout="20000"
    redirectPort="8443" />
 <Connector port="8009" protocol="AJP/1.3" redirectPort="8443" />
 <Engine name="Catalina" defaultHost="localhost">
  <Realm className="org.apache.catalina.realm.LockOutRealm">
  <Realm className="org.apache.catalina.realm.UserDatabaseRealm"
    resourceName="UserDatabase"/>
  </Realm>
  <Host name="localhost" appBase="webapps"
   unpackWARs="true" autoDeploy="true">
  <Valve className="org.apache.catalina.valves.AccessLogValve" directory="logs"
    prefix="localhost_access_log" suffix=".txt"
    pattern="%h %l %u %t &quot;%r&quot; %s %b" />
  </Host>
 </Engine>
 </Service>
</Server>

tomcat-test1改为:

  • Server Port:9015
  • Connector HTTP Port:9010
  • Connector AJP Port:9019

tomcat-test2改为:

  • Server Port:9025
  • Connector HTTP Port:9020
  • Connector AJP Port:9029

修改标识:

echo "test1"> /data/apache-tomcat-test1/webapps/ROOT/index.jsp
echo "test2"> /data/apache-tomcat-test2/webapps/ROOT/index.jsp

修改完成,接着启动tomcat:

/data/apache-tomcat-test1/bin/tomcat-start.sh
/data/apache-tomcat-test2/bin/tomcat-start.sh

tomcat单机多实例的实现

curl的时候是比较慢的,因为还没启动完成。启动完之后就好了。

curl 127.0.0.1:9010
curl 127.0.0.1:9020

这里注意访问端口是Connector HTTP Port对应的端口

4、后记

其实搭起来不太难,经过参考文章的思路,就是公用一个tomcat的lib和bin,这样子升级的时候替换lib即可,bin都同一用CATALINA_HOME的脚本,其实CATALINA_HOME下的bin下的start和shutdown脚本统一调用了catalina.sh,而单机多实例的则是巧妙运用了catalina.sh是通过环境中的CATALINA_HOME和CATALINA_BASE变量启动tomcat的,通过改变CATALINA_BASE的路径达到同一条脚本启动tomcat在不同目录下

5、问题

5.1、tomcat启动慢

tomcat单机多实例的实现"text-align: left">可以看到因为生成session ID用了1分06秒,太久了,导致应用deploying整体的时间大大增加,这个问题是可以解决的,可以再启动的时候增加jvm参数-Djava.security.egd=file:/dev/./urandom,但是这样做应用产生随机数的能力被减弱,或者说随机不够均匀,对于经常使用加密的应用可能有安全影响。
修改一下启动脚本,添加了JAVA_OPTS的设置,能使用JAVA_OPTS,是因为catalina.sh会读出这个变量。

#!/bin/bash
##这里的CATALINA_BASE,是当前脚本的的父目录,如果不在CATALINA_BASE的子目录的话,记得修改

export CATALINA_BASE=$(cd $(dirname $0); cd .. ; pwd)
echo $CATALINA_BASE

TOMCAT_ID=`ps aux |grep "java"|grep "Dcatalina.base=$CATALINA_BASE "|grep -v "grep"|awk '{ print $2}'`

export JAVA_OPTS="-Djava.security.egd=file:/dev/./urandom";

if [ -n "$TOMCAT_ID" ] ; then
echo "tomcat($TOMCAT_ID) still running now , please shutdown it first";
 exit 2;
fi

TOMCAT_START_LOG=`$CATALINA_HOME/bin/startup.sh`

if [ "$" = "0" ]; then
  echo "shell script: $0"
 echo "CATALINA_BASE: $CATALINA_BASE"
 echo "tomcat thread: $TOMCAT_ID"
 echo "start succeed!!!"
else
 echo "$0 $CATALINA_BASE start failed"
 echo $TOMCAT_START_LOG
fi

5.2、远程ssh时,环境变量不生效问题

使用source命令刷新当前环境变量。

具体修改如下:

tomcat-start.sh :

#!/bin/bash
##这里的CATALINA_BASE,是当前脚本的的父目录,如果不在CATALINA_BASE的子目录的话,记得修政

source /etc/profile
export CATALINA_BASE=$(cd $(dirname $0); cd .. ; pwd)
export JAVA_OPTS="-Djava.security.egd=file:/dev/./urandom";
TOMCAT_ID=`ps aux |grep "java"|grep "Dcatalina.base=$CATALINA_BASE "|grep -v "grep"|awk '{ print $2}'`

echo "----------------------------------"
echo "Using CATALINA_BASE:$CATALINA_BASE"
echo "Using CATALINA_HOME:$CATALINA_HOME"
echo "----------------------------------"

if [ -n "$TOMCAT_ID" ] ; then
echo "tomcat($TOMCAT_ID) still running now , please shutdown it first";
 exit 2;
fi

TOMCAT_START_LOG=`$CATALINA_HOME/bin/startup.sh`

if [ "$" = "0" ]; then
	echo "shell script: $0"
 echo "tomcat thread: $TOMCAT_ID"
 echo "start succeed!!!"
else
 echo "$0 $CATALINA_BASE start failed"
	echo "CATALINA_BASE: $CATALINA_BASE"
 echo $TOMCAT_START_LOG
fi

tomcat-stop.sh

#!/bin/bash
## 这里的CATALINA_BASE,是当前脚本的的父目录,如果不在CATALINA_BASE的子目录的话,记得修政

source /etc/profile
export CATALINA_BASE=$(cd $(dirname $0); cd .. ; pwd)
TOMCAT_ID=`ps aux |grep "java"|grep "[D]catalina.base=$CATALINA_BASE "|awk '{ print $2}'`

echo "----------------------------------"
echo "Using CATALINA_BASE:$CATALINA_BASE"
echo "Using CATALINA_HOME:$CATALINA_HOME"
echo "----------------------------------"

if [ -n "$TOMCAT_ID" ] ; then
TOMCAT_STOP_LOG=`$CATALINA_HOME/bin/shutdown.sh`
else
 echo "Tomcat instance not found : $CATALINA_BASE"
 exit
fi

if [ "$" = "0" ]; then
 echo "shell script: $0"
 echo "stop succeed!!!"
else
 echo "$0 $CATALINA_BASE stop failed"
	echo "CATALINA_BASE: $CATALINA_BASE"
 echo $TOMCAT_STOP_LOG
fi

附上restart脚本:
tomcat-restart.sh :

#!/bin/bash

source /etc/profile
export CATALINA_BASE=$(cd $(dirname $0); cd .. ; pwd)
GREEN_COLOR='\E[1;32m' #绿
RES='\E[0m'

TOMCAT_ID=`ps aux |grep "java"|grep "Dcatalina.base=$CATALINA_BASE "|grep -v "grep"|awk '{ print $2}'`

SLEEP_TIME=1

echo "----------------------------------"
echo "Using CATALINA_BASE:$CATALINA_BASE"
echo "Using CATALINA_HOME:$CATALINA_HOME"
echo "----------------------------------"

if [ -n "$TOMCAT_ID" ] ; then
 echo -e "${GREEN_COLOR}found tomcat instance in pid $TOMCAT_ID , shutdown now!${RES}";
 echo -e "${GREEN_COLOR}---------------start shutdown-------------------${RES}"
 source $(dirname $0)/tomcat-stop.sh;
 echo -e "${GREEN_COLOR}--------------- end shutdown -------------------${RES}"
fi

while [ -n "$TOMCAT_ID" ]
do 
 sleep $SLEEP_TIME
 echo wait "$SLEEP_TIME" s
 TOMCAT_ID=`ps aux |grep "java"|grep "Dcatalina.base=$CATALINA_BASE "|grep -v "grep"|awk '{ print $2}'`
done 

echo -e "${GREEN_COLOR}---------------start startup-------------------${RES}"
source $(dirname $0)/tomcat-start.sh
echo -e "${GREEN_COLOR}---------------end startup-------------------${RES}"

参考博客:

聊聊 Tomcat 的单机多实例

Spring Boot应用首次启动慢的问题