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CentOS7服务器环境下vsftpd安装及配置方法

本文实例讲述了CentOS7服务器环境下vsftpd安装及配置方法。分享给大家供大家参考,具体如下:

0x:卸载vsftpd

[root@localhost ~]# yum remove vsftpd
[root@localhost ~]# find / -name "vsftpd*"
/etc/vsftpd
/etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf.bak
[root@localhost ~]# rm -fr /etc/vsftpd/

1x:重新安装

[root@localhost home]#yum -y install vsftpd
[root@localhost home]# systemctl start vsftpd.service
[root@localhost home]# systemctl status vsftpd.service

● vsftpd.service - Vsftpd ftp daemon
 Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/vsftpd.service; disabled; vendor preset: disabled)
 Active: active (running) since Thu 2017-11-09 21:15:18 EST; 8s ago
 Process: 5716 ExecStart=/usr/sbin/vsftpd /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
 Main PID: 5717 (vsftpd)
 CGroup: /system.slice/vsftpd.service
   └─5717 /usr/sbin/vsftpd /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf
Nov 09 21:15:18 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Starting Vsftpd ftp daemon...
Nov 09 21:15:18 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Started Vsftpd ftp daemon.
Hint: Some lines were ellipsized, use -l to show in full.

Active: active (running) 说明安装已完成

2x:本地用户配置

[root@localhost vsftpd]# useradd test1
[root@localhost vsftpd]# passwd test1
Changing password for user test1.
New password:
BAD PASSWORD: The password is shorter than 8 characters
Retype new password:
passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.

添加test1本地帐户,下面是用业查询本地帐号,及黑名单

[root@localhost vsftpd]# cat /etc/passwd
[root@localhost vsftpd]# vi /etc/vsftpd/ftpusers
[root@localhost vsftpd]# vi /etc/vsftpd/user_list
[root@localhost vsftpd]# cat /etc/passwd
root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
bin:x:1:1:bin:/bin:/sbin/nologin
daemon:x:2:2:daemon:/sbin:/sbin/nologin
adm:x:3:4:adm:/var/adm:/sbin/nologin
lp:x:4:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/sbin/nologin
sync:x:5:0:sync:/sbin:/bin/sync
shutdown:x:6:0:shutdown:/sbin:/sbin/shutdown
halt:x:7:0:halt:/sbin:/sbin/halt
mail:x:8:12:mail:/var/spool/mail:/sbin/nologin
operator:x:11:0:operator:/root:/sbin/nologin
games:x:12:100:games:/usr/games:/sbin/nologin
ftp:x:14:50:FTP User:/var/ftp:/sbin/nologin
nobody:x:99:99:Nobody:/:/sbin/nologin
systemd-network:x:192:192:systemd Network Management:/:/sbin/nologin
dbus:x:81:81:System message bus:/:/sbin/nologin
polkitd:x:999:997:User for polkitd:/:/sbin/nologin
postfix:x:89:89::/var/spool/postfix:/sbin/nologin
chrony:x:998:996::/var/lib/chrony:/sbin/nologin
sshd:x:74:74:Privilege-separated SSH:/var/empty/sshd:/sbin/nologin
mysql:x:27:27:MySQL Server:/var/lib/mysql:/bin/bash
www:x:1000:1000::/home/www:/bin/bash
nginx:x:997:995:nginx user:/var/cache/nginx:/sbin/nologin
virtual:x:1001:1001::/home/ftpsite:/bin/bash
virtual1:x:1002:1002::/home/ftpsite:/bin/bash
vsftpd:x:1003:1003::/home/vsftpd:/sbin/nologin
overlord:x:1004:1004::/home/overlord:/sbin/nologin
test1:x:1005:1005::/home/test1:/bin/bash
[root@localhost vsftpd]# vi /etc/vsftpd/ftpusers
# Users that are not allowed to login via ftp
root
bin
daemon
adm
lp
sync
shutdown
halt
mail
news
uucp
operator
games
nobody
[root@localhost vsftpd]# vi /etc/vsftpd/user_list
# vsftpd userlist
# If userlist_deny=NO, only allow users in this file
# If userlist_deny=YES (default), never allow users in this file, and
# do not even prompt for a password.
# Note that the default vsftpd pam config also checks /etc/vsftpd/ftpusers
# for users that are denied.
root
bin
daemon
adm
lp
sync
shutdown
halt
mail
news
uucp
operator
games
nobody

现在使用Windows ftp 来登录及测试

C:\Users\xiaor>ftp 192.168.5.147
连接到 192.168.5.147。
220 (vsFTPd 3.0.2)
200 Always in UTF8 mode.
用户(192.168.5.147:(none)): test1
331 Please specify the password.
密码:
230 Login successful.
ftp> pwd
257 "/home/test1"
ftp> ls
200 PORT command successful. Consider using PASV.
150 Here comes the directory listing.
226 Directory send OK.
ftp>

[root@localhost vsftpd]# touch /home/test1/showme.txt

ftp> ls
200 PORT command successful. Consider using PASV.
150 Here comes the directory listing.
showme.txt
226 Directory send OK.
ftp: 收到 15 字节,用时 0.00秒 15.00千字节/秒。
ftp>
ftp> get showme.txt
200 PORT command successful. Consider using PASV.
150 Opening BINARY mode data connection for showme.txt (0 bytes).
226 Transfer complete.
ftp>
ftp> put winfile1.txt
200 PORT command successful. Consider using PASV.
150 Ok to send data.
226 Transfer complete.
ftp: 发送 9 字节,用时 0.00秒 4.50千字节/秒。
ftp>

[root@localhost vsftpd]# ls /home/test1/
showme.txt winfile1.txt

坚信vsftp安装后不对/etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf做任何修改就可以通过新建的Linux用户(本地用户)访问下载和上传文件。

其它与次无关

cat /etc/vsftpd/chroot_list
userlist_enable=YES
userlist_deny=NO
userlist_file=/etc/vsftpd/user_list
tcpdump -i eth0 src host hostname(明文)
touch /home/test1/test1.txt
local_root=/tmp/test1_root/
local_max_rate=0
groupadd tg
gpasswd -a test1 tg
chown root:tg /tmp/test1_root/
chmod 775 /tmp/test1_root/
ll /temp/
chroot_local_user=YES
chroot_list_enable=YES
# (default follows)
chroot_list_file=/etc/vsftpd/chroot_list

3x:匿名用户配置

[root@localhost vsftpd]# vi /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf
anonymous_enable=YES
anon_upload_enable=YES
anon_mkdir_write_enable=YES
[root@localhost vsftpd]# systemctl restart vsftpd
[root@localhost vsftpd]# touch /var/ftp/pub/lm.txt
[root@localhost vsftpd]# chown ftp /var/ftp/pub

服务器配置上面的就可以访问并上传文件到pub目录下

可能会出现的问题:

1、想当然给 ftp用户 /var/ftp/目录 权限出现下面问题

[root@localhost vsftpd]# chown ftp /var/ftp/
[root@localhost vsftpd]# ll -d /var/ftp/
drwxr-xr-x. 3 ftp root 4096 Nov 10 17:03 /var/ftp/
C:\Users\xiaor>ftp 192.168.5.147
连接到 192.168.5.147。
220 (vsFTPd 3.0.2)
200 Always in UTF8 mode.
用户(192.168.5.147:(none)): anonymous
331 Please specify the password.
密码:
500 OOPS: vsftpd: refusing to run with writable root inside chroot()
远程主机关闭连接。

解决方法:

[root@localhost vsftpd]# chown root /var/ftp
[root@localhost vsftpd]# chown ftp/var/ftp/pub

2、Windows CMD(命令行)会出下面错误及处理

C:\Users\xiaor>ftp 192.168.5.147
连接到 192.168.5.147。
220 (vsFTPd 3.0.2)
200 Always in UTF8 mode.
用户(192.168.5.147:(none)): anonymous
331 Please specify the password.
密码:
230 Login successful.
ftp>
ftp> ls
200 PORT command successful. Consider using PASV.
425 Failed to establish connection.
ftp>

解决方法:

可以在ftp下使用命令:quote PASV 

4x:虚拟用户配置(重头戏,最推荐)

1、添加虚拟用户口令文件并生成认证文件

[root@localhost vsftpd]# vi /etc/vsftpd/vuser.txt
[root@localhost vsftpd]# yum -y install db4-utils
[root@localhost vsftpd]# db_load -T -t hash -f /etc/vsftpd/vuser.txt /etc/vsftpd/vuser.db

2、编辑vsftpd的PAM认证文件

[root@localhost vsftpd]# vi /etc/pam.d/vsftpd
在其文件中添加下面两行,并注释其它行
auth required /lib64/security/pam_userdb.so db=/etc/vsftpd/vuser
account required /lib64/security/pam_userdb.so db=/etc/vsftpd/vuser
#%PAM-1.0
#session  optional   pam_keyinit.so  force revoke
#auth    required  pam_listfile.so item=user sense=deny file=/etc/vsftpd/ftpusers onerr=succeed
#auth    required  pam_shells.so
#auth    include   password-auth
#account  include   password-auth
#session  required   pam_loginuid.so
#session  include   password-auth
auth required /lib64/security/pam_userdb.so db=/etc/vsftpd/vuser
account required /lib64/security/pam_userdb.so db=/etc/vsftpd/vuser

3、建立本地映射用户并设置宿主目录权限

[root@localhost vsftpd]# useradd -d /home/vftproot -s /sbin/nologin vuser
[root@localhost vsftpd]# ll /home/
[root@localhost vsftpd]# chmod 555 /home/vftproot/
[root@localhost vsftpd]# ll /home/

4、修改配置文件,重启vsftpd服务,并测试

[root@localhost vsftpd]# vi /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf
guest_enable=YES
guest_username=vuser
pam_service_name=vsftpd
[root@localhost vsftpd]# systemctl restart vsftpd.service

5、调整虚拟用户权限,并继续设置:到此下载可以但上传是不是行的

[root@localhost vsftpd]# vi /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf
anonymous_enable=NO
local_enable=YES
anon_upload_enable=YES
anon_mkdir_write_enable=YES
anon_other_write_enable=YES
[root@localhost_centos vsftpd]# systemctl restart vsftpd.service
 [root@localhost vsftpd]# mkdir /home/vftproot/pub
 [root@localhost vsftpd]# chmod 777 /home/vftproot/pub
 [root@localhost vsftpd]# ll -d /home//vftproot/pub
 drwxrwxrwx. 2 root root 4096 Nov 12 16:33 /home//vftproot/pub

至此虚拟用户上传也是可以了!

C:\Users\xiaor>ftp 192.168.5.147
连接到 192.168.5.147。
220 (vsFTPd 3.0.2)
200 Always in UTF8 mode.
用户(192.168.5.147:(none)): ftpxrl
331 Please specify the password.
密码:
230 Login successful.
ftp> ls
200 PORT command successful. Consider using PASV.
150 Here comes the directory listing.
pub
t1.txt
226 Directory send OK.
ftp: 收到 16 字节,用时 0.00秒 16000.00千字节/秒。
ftp> cd pub
250 Directory successfully changed.
ftp> put abc.txt
200 PORT command successful. Consider using PASV.
150 Ok to send data.
226 Transfer complete.
ftp>

6、设置可能会碰到的问题

A、500 OOPS: vsftpd: refusing to run with writable root inside chroot()

C:\Users\xiaor>ftp 192.168.5.147
连接到 192.168.5.147。
220 (vsFTPd 3.0.2)
200 Always in UTF8 mode.
用户(192.168.5.147:(none)): ftpxrl
331 Please specify the password.
密码:
500 OOPS: vsftpd: refusing to run with writable root inside chroot()
远程主机关闭连接。

[root@localhost vsftpd]# chmod 555 /home/vftproot/

C:\Users\xiaor>ftp 192.168.5.147
连接到 192.168.5.147。
220 (vsFTPd 3.0.2)
200 Always in UTF8 mode.
用户(192.168.5.147:(none)): ftpxrl
331 Please specify the password.
密码:
230 Login successful.
ftp>

B、530 Login incorrect

解决办法:/etc/pam.d/下面的vsftpd里面的/lib 修改为/lib64

5x:防火墙设置

3、配置ftp

打开etc/vsftpd.conf

将chroot_list_enable=NO改为chroot_list_enable=YES

设置被动模式端口

pasv_min_port=30000
pasv_max_port=30000

5、防火墙设置

添加30000端口为被动模式用,如果要开户主动模式则需要添加20端口

firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=30000/tcp --permanent
 firewall-cmd --reload

通过命令:firewall-cmd --list-ports 查看开通的端口

希望本文所述对大家CentOS服务器配置有所帮助。