路径组成
path.dirname(p)
返回路径p所在的目录
var path = require('path');
console.log(path.dirname('/foo/bar/baz/asdf/a.txt')); // /foo/bar/baz/asdf
console.log(path.dirname('/foo/bar/baz/asdf/')); // /foo/bar/baz
console.log(path.dirname('C:/test/aaa')); // C:/test
path.basename(p[, ext])
返回路径的最后一个部分，即文件名。参数ext为需要截掉的后缀内容
var path = require('path');
console.log(path.basename('/foo/bar/baz/asdf/a.txt')); // a.txt
console.log(path.basename('/foo/bar/baz/asdf/a.txt','.txt')); // a
console.log(path.basename('/foo/bar/baz/asdf/')); // asdf
console.log(path.basename('C:/test/aaa')); // aaa
path.extname(p)
返回路径p的扩展名，从最后一个'.'到字符串的末尾。如果最后一个部分没有'.'，或者路径是以'.'开头，则返回空字符串
var path = require('path');
console.log(path.extname('/foo/bar/baz/asdf/a.txt')); // .txt
console.log(path.extname('/foo/bar/baz/asdf/a.txt.b')); // .b
console.log(path.extname('/foo/bar/baz/asdf/a.')); // .
console.log(path.extname('C:/test/aaa/.')); // ''
console.log(path.extname('C:/test/aaa')); // ''
分隔符
path.sep
返回对应平台下的文件分隔符，win下为'\'，*nix下为'/'
var path = require('path');
console.log(path.sep); // win下为\，*nix下为/
console.log('foo\\bar\\baz'.split(path.sep)); // [ 'foo', 'bar', 'baz' ]
console.log('foo/bar/baz'.split(path.sep)); // win下返回['foo/bar/baz']，但在*nix系统下会返回['foo','bar','baz']
path.delimiter
返回对应平台下的路径分隔符，win下为';'，*nix下为':'
var path = require('path');
console.log(path.delimiter); //win下为“;”，*nix下为“:”
console.log(path.sep); // win下为\，*nix下为/
规范化
path.normalize(p)
规范化路径，处理冗余的“..”、“.”、“/”字符。发现多个斜杠时，会替换成一个斜杠。当路径末尾包含一个斜杠时，保留。Windows系统使用反斜杠
var path = require('path');
console.log(path.normalize('a/b/c/../user/bin'));//a\b\user\bin
console.log(path.normalize('a/b/c///../user/bin/'));//a\b\user\bin
console.log(path.normalize('a/b/c/../../user/bin'));//a\user\bin
console.log(path.normalize('a/b/c/.././///../user/bin/..'));//a\user
console.log(path.normalize('a/b/c/../../user/bin/../../'));//a
console.log(path.normalize('a/../../user/bin/../../'));//..
console.log(path.normalize('a/../../user/bin/../../../../'));//..\..\..
console.log(path.normalize('./a/.././user/bin/./'));//user\bin\
path.join([path1], [path2], [...])
将多个路径结合在一起，并转换为规范化路径
var path = require('path');
console.log(path.join('////./a', 'b////c', 'user/'));//\a\b\c\user
console.log(path.join('a', '../../', 'user/'));//..\user\
绝对和相对
path.resolve([from ...], to)
从源地址 from 到目的地址 to 的绝对路径，类似在shell里执行一系列的cd命令
path.resolve('foo/bar', '/tmp/file/', '..', 'a/../subfile')
类似于:
cd foo/bar cd /tmp/file/ cd .. cd a/../subfile pwd
[注意]如果某个from或to参数是绝对路径（比如 'E:/abc'，或是以“/”开头的路径），则将忽略之前的from参数
var path = require('path');
console.log(path.resolve('.', 'testFiles/..', 'trdLayer'));//D:\project\trdLayer
console.log(path.resolve('..', 'testFiles', 'a.txt'));//D:\testFiles\a.txt
console.log(path.resolve('D:', 'abc', 'D:/a'));//D:\a
console.log(path.resolve('abc', 'ok.gif'));//D:\project\abc\ok.gif
console.log(path.resolve('abc', '..', 'a/../subfile')); //D:\project\subfile
path.isAbsolute(path)
path是一个绝对路径(比如 'E:/abc')，或者是以“/”开头的路径，二者都会返回true
var path = require('path');
console.log(path.isAbsolute('../testFiles/secLayer'));//false
console.log(path.isAbsolute('./join.js'));//false
console.log(path.isAbsolute('temp'));//false
console.log(path.isAbsolute('/temp/../..'));//true
console.log(path.isAbsolute('E:/github/nodeAPI/abc/efg'));//true
console.log(path.isAbsolute('///temp123'));//true
path.relative(from, to)
获取从 from 到 to 的相对路径，可以看作 path.resolve 的相反实现
path.resolve(from, path.relative(from, to)) == path.resolve(to)
var path = require('path');
console.log(path.relative('C:\\\test', 'C:\\\impl\\bbb'));//..\impl\bbb
console.log(path.relative('C:/test/aaa', 'C:/bbb'));//..\..\bbb
更多关于node.JS路径解析的方法请查看下面的相关链接